Evaluasi kinerja enzim pada bungkil kacang kedelai india dan argentina pada ayam pedaging

Abstract

A study was conducted with male chicks of a commercial broiler strain to evaluate the effects of commercial enzyme preparation on chick performance and digestibilities of amino acid and fiber in diets containing India and Argentina soybean meal. Two corn-soy based diets were formulated to contain either soybean meal (SBM) India or SBM Argentina with same levels of metablizable energy (ME) and digestibile amino acids. Digestible lysine 1.0%, digestible methionine 0.38% and digestible methionine and cysteine 0.75% . No animal protein was used so as to allow for maximum usage SBM. Other major raw materials included in formulation were corn, crude palm oil (CPO), salt, vitamins and minerals. Each basal diet was split into 4 equal portions, one portion was fed as control and the other portions were supplemented with commercial single enzyme protease, carbohydrase or combination enzymes protease + carbohydrase. The carbohydrase enzyme used in these studies were  galactosidase with 2500 Ga IAU/g enzyme activity and  mannanase of 5000 MIAU/g enzyme activity. The protease enzyme activity was 75,000 PROT units/g. Dosages for single carbohydrase and protease enzyme were 500 g/ T and 200 g/T, respectively and dosage for combination enzyme was 700 g/T. Birds were fed this single test feed from day 1 to day 32. Data collections were done for 32 days with 8 treatments, 10 replicates and 5 birds per replicate. Research using factorial completely randomized design. Results were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Duncan test The result showed that performance on 32 days, body weight and FCR of birds fed India SBM diets were significantly different (P < 0.05) from birds fed Arg SBM diets. Supplementation of enzymes produced a significantly different (P < 0.05) results between single enzyme (carbohydrase or protease) and combination enzymes (carbohydrase and protease) for both body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR); consequently combination enzymes improved the performance. Ileal amino acid digestibility was not significantly affected by dietary treatment. Body weight and FCR showed positive correlation with amino acid digestibility, body weight positively correlated with Methionine (R2=0.406), FCR positively correlated with Methionine (R2=0.625) and Glycine (R2=0.412). Fiber digestibility was not significantly affected by dietary treatment. Fiber digestibility of India SBM diets was numerically higher than Argentine SBM diets. Supplementation of combination carbohydrase and protease showed the best improvement in dietary fiber digestibility. When economic return was analyzed based on performance parameters and average India and Argentina SBM prices in February 2011, India SBM and Argentina SBM produced similar cost of feed on per kg live wight basis, even though there is 30 U$D per tone cost difference between these two SBMs. However when calculated on cost per kg liveweight, feed cost of India SBM diet supplemented with combination enzymes was cheaper than Indian SBM control. This is due to supplementation of combination carbohydrase and protease in India soybean meals diet is effecitve in improving performance of broilers. In term of enzyme, supplementation of single protease and carbohydrase failed to show significant improvement in bird performance, this is possibly due to improper function of the enzymes. Since single protease may not easily access to some of the soybean proteins that are entrapped in the cell wall matrix without prior breakdown of the cell wall structure by carbohydrase. Results from this study indicated supplementation of single protease or carbohydrase to SBM based diets is hardly proven effective or beneficial. However, results from this study showed positive response of broiler performance, especially body weight gain and FCR, and fiber digestibility for birds fed SBM diets supplemented with combination enzymes in comparison with single enzyme. Combination of protease and carbohydrase possiblly have synergistic mode of action in terms of degrading NSP and entrapped protein in the cell wall metrix, which resulted in improvement in bird performance and numerically higher digestibility of fiber.