Kapasitas Maksimum Kepadatan Tanah pada Berbagai Distribusi Ukuran Partikel dan Kadar Bahan Organik Tanah dalam Kondisi Kering Udara dan Kapasitas Lapang

Abstract

Soil consists of mineral and organic matter. The particle size distribution of soil affects the physic characteristics, while soil organic matter is important to improve the soil characteristics. One of the physical change that may occur in soil, as a result of certain forces worked to it, is soil compaction. This research aimed to determine the effect of soil particle size distribution and organic matter in soil compaction, in relation with soil physic characteristics, also to determine the influence of water content in soil compaction and its relation to soil physical properties. The simulation of soil particle size distribution and organic matter content conducted using soil, quartz, and compose. Soils collected from Ciampea, Bogor. The analysis carried out in Laboratory of Departement of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agricultural, IPB. The research was set up using randomized design with two factors with three replications. Factor A, which consists: heavy clay, clay, sandy loam, and sand. Factor B consist of: organic matter content 0,5%; 2,5%; 5,0%; and 7,5%. Water content treatments for compaction analyzed using t-student test to compare between the dry air with field capacity compaction. The result showed that the soil particle size distribution and organic matter in soil compaction provide real effect on the maximum soil density and soil physic characteristics, which include: bulk density, total drainage pore, available water pore, permeability, penetration resistance, and compaction energy. The finer soil texture, the smaller of soil bulk density, soil permeability, and soil drainage pore. The organic matter content has an effect in decreasing bulk density, soil permeability, and increasing the available water pore. Soil moisture content has influence on soil compaction. The increase in water content during compaction caused energy required to compaction decreased. The density of soil can be seen from the soil bulk density and penetration resistance.