Karakterisasi genetika dan anatomi kayu Pinus merkusii kandidat bocor getah serta strategi perbanyakannya

Abstract

Selection activities for high resin yielder candidates of Pinus merkusii in Java were started in 2006 through a series of survey and morphological studies, but specific information on its resin production structure, marker based genetic aspect, wood anatomy and propagation strategy are still not determined yet. Those information are needed for futher characterization and improvement strategy. The objectives of this research were: i) to determine resin production baseline data, growth structure and growth character related with resin production for further research, ii) to estimate genetic parameter of higher resin yielder candidate through morphogenetic characterization, iii) to analyze anatomical structure of resin duct influencing resin production through macroscopic and microscopic characterization and iv) to develop vegetative propagation strategy for higher resin yielder candidate through interfascicular shoot multiplication, cutting and grafting. The result on determination resin production baseline data, growth stucture and growth character showed that Cijambu Seedling Seed Orchard (SSO) has the highest resin production (101.4 g/tree/3days) compared to Baturaden SSO (88.72 g/tree/3days) and Jember SSO (64.4 g/tree/3days), right-skewness resin production distribution structure and wider resin production interval. Therefore Cijambu SSO was choosen for resin yielder characterization. Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression for 14 growth characters out of 35 characters were tested. Stem diameter, branching number, bark thickness and crown had moderate correlation with resin yield (r: 0.75). It is concluded that resin production was affected by genetic and enviromental factors. Although resin production was affected by genetic and environmental factor, therefore appropriate stand management (silviculture treatment) must also be implemented because potential genetic expression would be maximized if environmental conditions is well managed. The result on morphogenetic characterization showed that resin production character has high value of coefficient genetic variation (CGV: 14.5- 28.43%), narrow sense heritability for individual (h2: 0.580.08-0.770.08), different allelic pattern, heterozygosity value (He:0.551 and He:0.545) and clustered with normal producer. This research showed that genetically high resin yielder candidates are different from normal resin producer. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation founded 3 characters (diameter, bark thickness and crown length) which have positive correlation and 2 characters (branch number and severity level of pest and disease attack) which negative correlation with resin yield. For resin yielder, these characters can be used as indicator for resin yielder selection. The result on anatomical structure characterization showed that high resin yielder candidate trees compared to that of normal one are as followed: darker in wood colour (reddis brown compared to creamy white), higher in number of axial resin duct (9.401.68/mm2 to 101.30 /mm2 compared to 40.96/mm2), wider in resin duct diameter (468.8998.72 μm to 562.11181.62 μm compared to 109.4211.26 μm), thicker in epithelium cell (50.81 12.20 μm to 58.599.55 μm compared to 23.1787 μm). These differences may affect to quantity of resin yielder compared to normal producer. Vegetative propagation through interfascicular shoot multiplication, cutting and grafting provides promising strategy for mass production of high resin yielder. Interfascicular shoot multiplication provided higher new juvenile materials compared to normal seedling, while cutting from 1 year old seedling produced high rooting percentage (87.5%). Technically, pine resin yielder can also be propagated through grafting technique.