| dc.description.abstract | Endoscopy is a diagnostic technique that is sensitive to mucosal disease in various organs, especially the digestive tracts. The aim of this study is describe the mucosa characteristics of normal larynx, esophagus, and stomach, using endoscopy combined with radiography. Acclimatization and physical examination were perfomed to ensure the dog is healthy condition for endoscopic evaluation. The results showed that, larynx, esophagus, and stomach can be observed at the scope depth of 9 cm, 13 cm, and 39.5 cm respectively. The larynx has a brownish color and the mucosal surface was pale. Cervical esophagus has spinchter with mucosa appeareance of pale yellowish brown and shiny. Thoracalis esophagus has many blood vessels vascularization in the submucosal layer, the mucosa wavy shape, and there is the impression of trachea and aorta of the heart. The spinchter abdominal esophagus has the ellipse wrinkles shape and a flat mucosa form. The stomach has a thick mucous folds, pink, shiny, and there was amount of mixed and foam mucosa. The charateristics of laryngeal mucosa, esophagus, and stomach vare well observed by endoscopy, furthermore combination of endoscopy and radiography ease in measuring distances scope. | en |
