Model keberlanjutan pengelolaan perikanan lemuru (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853) di Selat Bali

Abstract

Fisheries management, particularly capture fisheries, is very complex and requiring the integration of biological, ecological, economical and social aspects. Adjusting a sustainable management of fisheries resources, it is needed attention to the aquatic ecosystem as the habitat for fish. Sardine (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853) is the main source of livelihood for the fishermen on the coast of Bali Strait. Sardine is a small pelagic fish which caught for the public consumption and for canned fish industry. The main fishing gears used by the fishermen of the Bali Strait for catching sardine are purse seine (a major fishing gear). The other fishing gears which used are payang (boat seine net), gillnet, bagan (lift net), and beach seine. The exploitation of fishery resources in Bali strait waters were influence both in fish catch and revenue of the local government. Based on these facts, management of sardine fish resources in order to anticipate over fishing as well as to keep the fishers income sustainability is needed. Monitoring and control of sardine resource exploitation are needed to reach a sustainable and well-maintained management. To solves these problems the study has been conducted in Banyuwangi, East Jawa and Jembrana, Bali. The main purpose of this study is formulating a model of sustainable sardine fisheries management in the Bali Strait. Using sustainable approach, the detail aims of this study are to identify: (1) main factor effect of oceanography and climatology on the catch of sardine; (2) productivity and fishing effort of sardine (3) social and economic conditions of fishermen and the fishermen institutional role, (4) appropriate fishing gear of sardine fishes, and (5) developed model of dynamics system of sustainable sardine fisheries management. The results of this study showed that the chlorophyll-a and wind were influence the catch of sardine significantly. Sardines that identified as a plankton feeder have already utilized intensively at optimum level. Based on economic and technical aspects, purse seine has high opportunity to be developed in Bali Strait. Furthermore, using dynamics model this study suggested to operate 165 fishing effort (purse seine). This scenario was the better choices compared with existing condition and other scenario which operate 184 units fishing efforts.