Capital Social Analysis in National Park Management (Case Study in Kasepuhan Citorek Cibeber Sub-district Lebak District Banten Province)

Abstract

Kasepuhan Citorek is one of kasepuhan that located in the region of Halimun Salak National Park (HSNP). Community of Kasepuhan Citorek have been interacting and were around the area of national park since colonization. Citorek is one of the runaway member of Padjadjaran region, who then formed a community called kasepuhan (Hanafi et al. 2004). The existence of a national park to intersect with the community due to the Decree of Forestry Minister number 175/Kpts.-II/2003 in terms of access to use of natural resources. The management with the community is proper management strategy with the aim to keep the ecosystem area stay up without pressing the level of well-being of communities around the area. This research was conducted in March-April 2012 in Kasepuhan Citorek. Data collected through the study of literature, useful observations, semi structured interviews with 100 respondents and key speakers, which are indigenous leaders and managers of HSNP. Data analyzed with descriptive qualitative analysis. According to Dharmawan (2002) referenced in Margiati (2007) social resources based on three essential pillars; trust, social norms, and social networking. Analisys conducted using SLA by including one assets livelihoods namely social resource, then connected with the susceptibility of these problems to achieve a strategy management. Community have a high level of trust against community leaders, indigenous leaders, and fellow citizens of the kasepuhan. Level of trust to outsiders existing in medium rate. Social network are high for cooperation among residents of kasepuhan, conflict resolution, the initiative and transparency in employment relation. Social networking is in low rate for formal institutions. Adherence to existing norms as social norms, religion, customs, and the Government as a whole which indicates high adherence to the norms of society.

Kasepuhan Citorek merupakan salah satu kasepuhan yang berada di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak (TNGHS). Masyarakat Kasepuhan Citorek telah berinteraksi dan berada di sekitar kawasan taman nasional sejak zaman penjajahan Belanda pada abad ke-18. Daerah Citorek merupakan salah satu daerah pelarian anggota kerajaan Padjadjaran, yang kemudian membentuk komunitas yang disebut kasepuhan (Hanafi et al. 2004). Keberadaan taman nasional menjadi bersinggungan dengan masyarakat karena adanya Surat Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No. 175/Kpts.-II/2003 dalam hal penggunaan akses sumberdaya alam. Pengelolaan kawasan bersama masyarakat merupakan strategi pengelolaan yang tepat dengan bertujuan agar ekosistem kawasan tetap terjaga tanpa menekan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat sekitar kawasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret-April 2012 di Kasepuhan Citorek. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur, pengamatan berperanserta, wawancara semi terstruktur dengan 100 orang responden serta narasumber kunci berupa tokoh adat dan pihak pengelola TNGHS. Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif.