Sustainability analysis of coral reef resources for marine ecotourism based on stakeholders integrated (case study Hoga Island, Wakatobi Regency)

Abstract

Integrated coastal management model is essential in the management and utilization of resources of small islands. Some marine tourism sites that attract are able to collapse by the activity of marine tourism too. The research has been done in Hoga Island, Wakatobi Regency, since February to December 2012. This study was aimed to analyze the sustainability of marine ecotourism that utilized of coral reef resources by means of the integrated stakeholders approach. In this study, the means of stakeholder were the government, private sector and local community. The three categories of marine ecotourism activity that observed were diving, snorkeling and beach recreation. Based on the suitability analysis from Yulianda (2007), so the location that suitable to dive with totally utilization of carrying capacity were 77 people/day. The appropriated location for snorkeling was the coral reef shelf in the west of Hoga Island with carrying capacity of utilization amounts 2213 people/day. The location that suitable with the beach recreation was in the beachs with amounts utilization carrying capacity 68 people/day. The profit of marine ecotourism activities that acceptable to stakeholder i.e for local community obtained Rp. 1.125,9 million in 2011 from 5 types of business sector and 20 types of vocation. In the 2011, the acceptable of income to the government by tax and entrance fee to marine ecotourism in Hoga Island were Rp. 81,7 million. In the 2010, the organizer of marine ecotourism in Hoga Island had amounts 14,5% of total income from the marine ecotourism activities. Whereas the multiplier effect of marine ecotourism for Keynesian Local Income Multiplier obtained 0,38; for Ratio Income Multiplier Type I obtained 1,57; and for Ratio Income Multiplier Type II obtained 2,27. In the 2011, the total economic value of coral reefs in Hoga Island in 2011 is Rp. 11,88 billion. The resulted of Cluster Analysis to stakeholder were obtained the primary of stakeholder, i.e. Tourism Department of Wakatobi Regency, Wakatobi National Park (BTNW), Wallacea Operation (Opwal), Wakatobi Nature Foundation, The Group Business Community, and The Group Workers Community. The resulted of sustainability analysis shown that status of marine ecotourism sustainability in Hoga Island were potential sustainability categories (60,54).