Carbondioxide (CO2) Emission Estimation Caused by Forest Fires on Different Land Covers in South Sumatra Province in 2000-2009

Abstract

Forest fire has became serious problem and affected to forest balance and bring negative impact for ecology, economy, and political aspects. Therefore, information about land and forest fire based on hotspot are needed as well as carbondioxide emission that released, especially in area that has vulnerability of forest fire, such as South Sumatra Province. The aims of this research are to calculating hotspot in South Sumatra as indicator of land and forest fire, to estimating burned area based on hotspot data, and to calculating carbondioxide (CO2) emission that released from burnt area on different land covers. This research was conducted from July to September 2012 at Forest Fires Laboratory, Department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. The data used in this research are MODIS hotspot data from Fire Information Resources Management System (FIRMS), precipitation data from Center of Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics (BMKG), and land covers map of South Sumatra from Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). The result showed that the widest burned area in South Sumatra Province was in dry cultivation land which covered by shrub amounted to 6.172 ha (2000), 61.836,81 ha (2005), and 127.259,53 ha (2009). The highest carbondioxide emission was released from dry cultivation land which covered by shrub on mineral land amounted to 52.475,73 ton (2000), 524.417,17 ton (2005), and 1.071.972,41 ton (2009). While the highest carbondioxide emission as result from land covers changed was from cultivation land which covered by shrub amounted to 3.078.899,73 ton (44,52%) and 20.443.299,85 ton (50,60%).

Kebakaran hutan merupakan suatu permasalahan serius dan berpengaruh terhadap keseimbangan hutan yang berdampak sangat merugikan baik segi ekologis, ekonomi maupun politik. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan informasi mengenai kejadian kebakaran hutan dan lahan berdasarkan sebaran titik panas (hotspot) beserta emisi karbondioksida yang dihasilkannya, terutama di daerah yang rawan kebakaran hutan dan lahan, salah satunya Provinsi Sumatra Selatan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung sebaran titik panas (hotspot) sebagai penduga terjadinya kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Provinsi Sumatra Selatan, menghitung estimasi luas area terbakar melalui sebaran titik panas (hotspot), dan menghitung estimasi emisi karbondioksida (CO2) yang dihasilkan dari luas area terbakar berdasarkan penutupan lahan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli-September 2012 di Laboratorium Kebakaran Hutan, Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Data yang digunakan adalah data hotspot MODIS dari FIRMS, data curah hujan dari Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG), dan peta tutupan lahan Sumatra Selatan dari RSPO. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa luas area terbakar terbesar di Provinsi Sumatra Selatan terdapat pada lahan pertanian tanah kering bercampur semak yang memiliki luas terbakar masing-masing sebesar 6.172 ha (2000),61.836,81 ha (2005), dan 127.259,53 ha (2009). Emisi CO2 terbesar terdapat pada pertanian tanah kering bercampur semak yaitu masingmasing sebesar 52.475,73 ton (2000), 524.417,17 ton (2005), 1.071.972,41 ton (2009) yang terdapat di tanah mineral, dan emisi CO2 terbesar akibat perubahan penutupan lahan terdapat pada perubahan pertanian tanah kering bercampur semak masing-masing sebesar 3.078.899,73 ton (44,52%) dan 20.443.299,85 ton (50,60%).