Study on population and spatial use pattern of long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat

Abstract

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis Raffles 1821) in Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat (HPGW) was introduced in 1980/1981. Thirty years post-introduction, there was no any research on the species. The objectives of the research were to estimate demographic parameters and home range of long-tailed macaque in HPGW. This research was conducted from March to May 2012. These data were collected using concentration count method based on sex and age structure. Composition and structure of vegetations analyzed using line-plot sampling method. The groups movement of the long-tailed macaque were recorded using GPS and analyzed using maximum convex polygon. Four groups of long-tailed macaque were observed in HPGW. Population size were 108 individual and group sizes were 30, 23, 24, 31 respectively. Population density were 0,3 per Ha, natality was 0,24, mortality juvenile to sub adult was 0,64 and mortality sub adult to adult was 0,30. Population of macaque groups indicated progressive population based on age structure. Homerange of the groups were 29,26 Ha; 19,73 Ha; 26,94 Ha and 15,78 Ha for group A, B, C, D respectively. Dominant factors of habitat of the long-tailed macaque were elevation (X1), temperature (X2) and moisture (X3). Based on the dominant factor of the habitat, the result from multiple linear regression was Y=-30,964+0,028X1+0,675X2+0,317X3, where Y=size group, R2=75,3%.

Introduksi monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat (HPGW) dilaksanakan pada tahun 1980/1981. Tiga puluh tahun paska intoduksi tidak ada penelitian monyet ekor panjang sementara data dan informasi terkait satwa ini sangat penting bagi pengelolaan populasi dan habitatnya di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga parameter demografi, wilayah jelajah dan mengidentifikasi faktor penentu komponen habitat monyet ekor panjang di HPGW. Manfaat yang diharapkan dari penelitian ini adalah menjadi bahan pertimbangan pengelolaan monyet ekor panjang di HPGW. Penelitian dilakukan di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 2012. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi literatur dan pengamatan langsung di lapangan. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan meliputi parameter demografi empat kelompok monyet ekor panjang yang ditemukan di wilayah studi, wilayah jelajah dan habitat meliputi kondisi bio fisik habitat. Parameter demografi yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah ukuran dan komposisi kelompok, kepadatan populasi, sex rasio, angka kelahiran, angka kematian dan struktur umur. Wilayah jelajah setiap kelompok monyet ekor panjang dianalisa menggunakan ArcGis 9.3 dengan metode maximum convex polygon sedangkan komponen dominan habitat dianalisa menggunakan regresi linier berganda dengan metode stepwise.