Determinants of Primary education in North Sulawesi.

Abstract

Education is a basic human need and a key factor in development. Basic education achievement has become the world consensus, stated as a target in the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). The goal of basic education achievement is the second target after poverty management target. Indonesia targeted all chidren age 7-15 years old participate the 9 years basic education in 2015. Human Development Index (HDI) in North Sulawesi Province was 76,09 in 2010 or in the second rank from all province in Indonesia, but the school participation rate for elementary school and junior high school was lower compared to five provinces with the highest HDI. The objective of this study is to analize factors that determine the basic education in North Sulawesi. Education Production Function approach with panel data regression analysis was used to analyze the policy variables such as the government expenditure for basic education program and School operational fund (Bantuan operasional sekolah), socio-culture variables and access of education. Logistic regression was used to analyze the socioeconomic factors that has the probability in school participation. The panel regression result show that BOS, PDRB per capita, the percentage of family having 5 or more family member, education of the head of the family, and student and school ratio are factors that determined the school participation for children age 7-12 years old. The similar variables also occur for school participation for children age 13-15 years old except for the student and school ratio. The logistic regression result found that boys have higher probability of not participate in school compared to girls.