Perkembangan desa-desa eks transmigrasi dan interaksi dengan wilayah sekitarnya serta kebijakan ke depan (kajian di Provinsi Jambi)

Abstract

Transmigration as a development model in Indonesia has been implemented long enough. During the implementation, transmigration program have shown varying degree of success, in turn becomes one of the flagship program to develop nation self-reliance. In autonomy era, transmigration still becomes a development model, but there has been a decline in migrant placement. This study aimed to: (1) develop measurement and analyze development stadia of the ex-transmigration villages in Jambi Province, (2) analyze factors that influence the development of ex-transmigration villages in Jambi Province, (3) analyze the socio-economic conditions of ex-transmigration villages population in Jambi Province, and (4) analyze the linkages and factors that affecting ex-transmigration villages linkage to surrounding area in the province of Jambi. The study was conducted in extransmigration villages in Jambi Province. Factor, cluster and discriminate analysis used to measure villages develop stadia. Ordinal logic regression model used to analyze the factors that affect village development stadia. Interaction between ex-transmigration village and surrounding area was approached by population movement and binary logic regression model used to analyze resident’s trip to work and shopping. The study found three variables to measure village’s development stadia namely the percentage of permanent housing (welfare indicator), the ratio of agricultural industry to population (nonagricultural indicator) and the percentage of agricultural area (agricultural activity indicator). Concurrent with village’s development stadia, non-agricultural and agriculture activities also increase. Increasing village’s development stadia was indicated by growing of non-agricultural activities from the fulfillment of primary needs towards secondary/tertiary needs of the population. Development of extransmigration villages is determined by various factors including the distance of residential to activity centers, particularly road infrastructure, major transmigration commodities, transmigration characteristics, duration of migrant’s placement, as well as macroeconomic performance of the regency. The study also found low interaction between ex-transmigration with non transmigration villages. The low interaction is caused by : 1) underdeveloped of various facilities and production activities in the sorrounding villages that has functionally linkages with ex-transmigration villages ; 2) relative far distance and non existing reliable transportation infrastructure that link the ex-transmigration village with the surrounding villages; 3) weak efforts of social capital development at the community level. Working trip models show that individuals who work outside the village tend to be younger, better educated, family’s member, differ by region of origin and village stadia. Family shopping trip model show that family with high shopping proportion to outside the village is family with younger wife, have better education, older children, higher children income and higher family income per capita