Isolasi Golongan Benzofenon Dari Ekstrak Metanol Daging Buah Mahkota Dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Sheff.) Boerl.]

Abstract

Tanaman mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) secara luas di Indonesia telah digunakan sebagai obat berbagai penyakit, diantaranya kanker. Di dalam pengembangan mahkota dewa sebagai obat penyakit kanker diperlukan kontrol kualitas yang bertanggung jawab terhadap aktivitasnya sebagai antikanker. Kontrol kualitas dapat ditentukan antara lain melalui senyawa penciri. Salah satu senyawa yang berperan sebagai antikanker pada tanaman mahkota dewa adalah senyawa benzofenon. Bertolak dari hal tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh senyawa penciri golongan benzofenon dari ekstrak metanol buah mahkota dewa melalui pemisahan, uji Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) dan uji kualitatif benzofenon.

Traditionally, mahkota dewa plant [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.] is used to treat various diseases in Indonesia, including cancer. In developing the mahkota dewa plant as material for cancer therapy, it requires for quality control that responsible for its activity. Quality control can be determined through marker compound. This study aimed to isolate marker compound benzophenone compound, from the methanol extract of mahkota dewa pulp. Isolation was done using column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) guided by BSLT activity and benzophenone coloring reagent. Mahkota dewa pulp methanol extract was fractionated with silica gel. The fraction 4 column chromatography resulted had a LC50 value of 30.90 μg/ml. Based on TLC on fraction 4, fraction 4 consisted of benzophenone on Rf 0.37. Separation of fraction 4 using preparative TLC with eluent chloroform-methanol-water (70:20:2) yielded eight fractions. The benzophenone compound could be detected at fraction 45 with the Rf of value 0.37 and gave the LC50 value 899.28 μg/ml. Identification of fraction 45 by UV-Vis spectrometer showed UV absorption at 200 nm and 264 nm. IR spectra indicated that the fraction 45 has an aromatic compound and have the same pattern with phalerin.