Aktivitas Antioksidan Beberapa Tanaman Obat Menggunakan Zeolit Alam sebagai Bahan Penopang

Abstract

Antioksidan alami mampu melindungi tubuh terhadap kerusakan yang disebabkan spesies oksigen reaktif, menghambat penyakit degeneratif serta menghambat peroksidasi lipid pada makanan. Suatu tanaman dapat memiliki aktivitas antioksidan apabila mengandung senyawaan yang mampu menangkal radikal bebas seperti flavonoid. Tanaman yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan diantaranya kedawung (Parkia roxburghii G. Don), sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav), jambu biji (Psidium guajava), salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) dan bangle (Zingiber cassumunar, syn. Z. purpureum Roxb.). Keefektifan antioksidan sangat dipengaruhi oleh struktur antioksidan, kondisi oksidasi dan sampel yang teroksidasi (Andarwulan et al. 1996). Banyak faktor mempengaruhi aktivitas antioksidan seperti kelarutan, bioavalabilitas, dan retensi jaringan (Tuminah 2000). Polimer biasa digunakan dalam mekanisme komposit sebagai stabiliser untuk mencegah terjadinya aglomerasi dan presipitasi partikel (Konwar et al. 2010).

Traditional medicine has a key role in health care worldwide. Obtaining scientific information about the efficacy and safety of the plants from our region is one of the goals of our research. In this report, five plants were selected and collected from Bogor areas. The dried plants were separated into leaves: kedawung (Parkia roxburghii G. Don), salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight), sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav), jambu biji (Psidium guajava), and rhizome: bangle (Zingiber cassumunar, syn. Z. purpureum Roxb.). Each plant was extracted with ethanol 30% and 96%. The extracts were tested for their antioxidant activity using a DPPH free radical assay. Identification of crude extract of the compound used phytochemical test and thin layer chromatography tehnique. The results of the best antioxidant activity formula showed by the formulation of kedawung and guava. Formula with ratio of 4:1 selected formula was mixed with supporting material, which were natural zeolit from Bayah and Cikalong. The antioxidant activity of composite extract formulation with zeolite were optimum at 0.1 mg/mL extract formulation, 100 mg Bayah zeolite and 500 mg Cikalong zeolite. Zeolite as supporting material also showed lower antioxidant activity tan extract formulation.