Peran Pengembangan Infrastruktur dalam Pengentasan Kemiskinan di Indonesia: Jawa dan Luar Jawa

Abstract

Proses pembangunan memerlukan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang cepat. Penempatan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia tidak hanya sebagai target utama yang harus dicapai tetapi juga menjadi tolok ukur utama keberhasilan pembangunan terutama dari sisi ekonomi. Selain pertumbuhan ekonomi, indikator lain dari keberhasilan pembangunan adalah menurunnya tingkat kemiskinan. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk menurunkan tingkat kemiskinan tetapi hasilnya belum menunjukkan hasil yang menggembirakan, bahkan dengan terjadinya krisis ekonomi rakyat miskin di Indonesia semakin bertambah.

The development of infrastructure is an important to poverty alleviation. From this premise, the study proposes to analyze the impact of infrastructure development on growth in Java and Outside Java and to assess whether the growth can effectively reduce poverty. It comes from relation between infrastructure development and poverty mainly indirectly. Using static panel data analysis, the result shows that infrastructure such as electricity, water and public health centre have significant and positive impact on growth in Java and so does the employment variable, whereas decentralization has significant and negative impact on growth in Java. For outside Java, electricity variable, public health centre and employment have significant and positive impact on growth. Road infrastructure isn‟t have a significant impact on growth both in Java and outside Java. Estimation result using 2 SLS method shows that growth in Java reduce poverty, but growth in outside Java instead increase poverty. Further, unemployment both in Java and outside Java increase poverty, but mean year schooling reduce poverty both in Java and outside Java.