Vegetation Succession On Ex-Tin Mining Area On Belitung District Bangka-Belitung Provincy

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. Mining is one of activities which usually uses natural resources in Indonesia. If mining activities does with no calculation exactly, it will make environmental destruction like vegetation destruction, change of plants composition to arrange mine area, decreasing of land area productivity, etc MATERIAL AND METHOD. Analysis of vegetation data are making sample plot of line combination and plot line with space 2 Ha, and also double line with space ± 3 Ha. Physic characters of research area which will be measured are texture, structure, soil pH, temperature, and humidity. RESULT AND DISCUSSION. Location 1 and 2 have not enough for condition of soil to grow plants, because they have sandy texture so soil becomes no aggregate and makes percolation process quickly. Temperature on both locations is higher than location 3. Location 1 and 2 are dominated by ground plants, like Eragrostis tenella Benth. (mmput kecik), Melastoma malabathricum L. (keremunting b), and Imperata cyclindrica 1. (lalang). On location 3, it is dominated by Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth (sem) and Quercus sp. (kabal). Analysis of stand horizontal structure on location 3 forms reverse "J" curve, that means on this location still dominated by young plants. CONCLUSION. All of location which are researched have occurred succession, secondary succession. On location 1 and 2, it is still on growth level for ground pioneer species. On location 3, it has reached higher growth level and referred to complex forest formation.

Indonesia adalah negara yang sangat kaya akan sumber daya alam. Salah satu kegiatan dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya alam adalah kegiatan pertarnbangan. Kegiatan pertambangan apabila tidak dilaksanakan secara tepat dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Dampak kegiatan pertarnbangan, antara lain rusaknya vegetasi, berubahnya komposisi tumbuhan penyusun areal tarnbang, penurunan produktivitas tanah, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, kondisi vegetasi, dan tingkat suksesi yang teJj adi di areal bekas tambang timah. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tiga areal bekas penarnbangan timah PT. TlMAH Kabupaten Belitung, yaitu Desa Tanjung Pendam (terakhir ditambang tahun 1996), Desa Aik Merbau (terakhir ditarnbang tahun 1989), dan Desa Batu!tam (terakhir ditambang 1978). Alat dan bahan yang digunakan antara lain meteran (50 m), klinometer, kompas bidik, indikator pH, perlengkapan herbarium, air suling, dan lain-lain. Hasil analisis sifat fisik tanah di lokasi Desa Tanjung Pendam, yaitu kelas tekstur pasir, dengan tipe struktur prisma, kelas struktur halus, dan mutu tidak berstruktur; sedangkan sifat kimia tanah yaitu pH tanah tergolong kategori sangat asam dengan nilai 5,0. Di lokasi Desa Aik Merbau, kelas tekstur tanahnya berupa pasir, dengan tipe struktur butiran, kelas struktur medium dan mutu lemah, dengan nilai pH tanah 5,0. Di Desa batu ltarn, kelas tekstur tanahnya geluh pasiran, dengan tipe struktur butiran, kelas struktur medium dan mutu teguh, dengan nilai pH tanah tergolong sangat asam (PH 5,0).