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      The agronomical performance of new plant type rice on conventional planting system, system of rice intensification and integrated crop management system

      Keragaan agronomi padi tipe baru pada sistem budidaya konvensional, SRI (System of Rice Intensificaion) dan pengelolaan tanaman terpadu

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      Date
      2011
      Author
      Darmadi, Didi
      Purwoko, Bambang Sapta
      Junaedi, Ahmad
      Dewi, Iswari Saraswati
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      Abstract
      IPB and BB Biogen has developed rice lines with new plant type (NPT) characters. The most appropriate cultivation technology for NPT genotypes need to be examined. The objective of the research was to determine the agromorphological response of NPT genotypes in different planting systems. The experiment was arranged in split plot design, consisted of 2 factors. The first factor (main plot) consisted of 3 planting system (conventional planting systems (CPS), system of rice intensification (SRI), integrated crop management systems (IMS)). The second factor (sub-plot) consisted genotypes (Fatmawati, Ciherang, IPB 97F-15-1-1 and A219-3-1-1). There were 12 combinations of treatments with 3 replications. The experiment showed that there was interaction between planting system and genotype in growth component (plant height, heading date, harvest time), yield component and yield.. Ciherang showed to be more suitable in IMS and SRI. Fatmawati showed to be more suitable in CPS, IPB 97F-15-1-1 line showed to be more suitable in CPS and SRI. A219-3-1-1 line yielded lower than other genotypes in the 3 planting systems. In general NPT genotypes were more suitable in CPS.
       
      Peningkatan produksi beras dapat dilakukan melalui penerapan inovasi teknologi. Salah satu inovasi teknologi tanaman padi adalah varietas unggul. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian (BB Biogen) dan Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) telah menghasilkan galur padi tipe baru (PTB). Ada tiga sistem budidaya yang saat ini digunakan pada penanaman padi sawah yaitu sistem budidaya konvensional, SRI (system of rice intensification) dan pengelolaan tanaman terpadu (PTT). Galur-galur tersebut perlu diuji pada ketiga sistem budidaya. Percobaan bertujuan menguji kesesuaian genotipe harapan PTB pada sistem budidaya konvensional, SRI dan PTT. Percobaan ini mengunakan rancangan petak terbagi (split plot design), terdiri atas 2 faktor. Faktor pertama/petak induk (main plot) yaitu 3 sistem budidaya (konvensional, SRI dan PTT). Faktor kedua/anak petak (sub plot) adalah genotipe (Fatmawati, Ciherang, galur A219-3-1-1 dan galur IPB 97F-15-1-1). Dengan demikian terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan, yang diulang 3 kali, sehingga terdapat 36 satuan percobaan. Tiap satuan percobaan adalah petak berukuran 5 m x 3 m. Hasil analisis tanah memperlihatkan tingkat kesuburan yang relatif baik dengan kandungan bahan organik (C-organik) kategori sedang (2.2%). Tanah memiliki kemasaman yang agak tinggi dengan pH 5.6 kategori agak masam. Nilai tukar kation Ca-dd (me/100 g) kategori sedang (6.5), K-dd (me/100 g) kategori sedang, Na-dd (me/100 g) kategori sedang dan nilai tukar kation Mg tergolong sangat rendah. Kandungan N total kategori rendah (0.2%), P-tersedia (Bray-1) kategori sangat rendah (9.1 ppm). Perbedaan pada masing-masing sistem budidaya yaitu pada pemberian pupuk organik dan anorganik, Sistem budidaya konvensional tanpa pemberian pupuk organik sedangkan SRI dan PTT menggunakan pupuk organik. Selanjutnya umur bibit pada sistem budidaya konvensional 24 hari setelah semai (HSS), SRI 10 HSS dan PTT 17 HSS. Jumlah bibit pada sistem budidaya konvensional 3 bibit per titik tanam, SRI dan PTT 1 bibit per titik tanam. Jarak tanam pada sistem budidaya konvensional 20 cm x 20 cm, SRI (30 cm x 30 cm) dan PTT (legowo 20 cm x 20 cm dan 40 cm). Dosis pemberian pupuk organik pada SRI dan PTT didasarkan pada analisis kandungan bahan organik tanah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kandungan bahan organik tanah diatas 2.0% sehingga pemberian pupuk organik dilakukan hanya untuk menambahkan bahan organik ke dalam petakan. Dosis pupuk organik pada SRI 17.5 kg/petakan (1.2 ton/ha) dan untuk dosis pupuk organik pada budidaya PTT 7.5 kg/petakan (0.5 ton/ha).
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/56674
      Collections
      • MT - Agriculture [4040]

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