Polymorphism of fecundity genes (BMPR1B and BMP15) on Kacang, Samosir and Muara goats.

Abstract

Several Indonesian local goats are prolific. Fecundity was controlled by fecundity genes such as Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1B (BMPR1B), Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) and Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9). The present study aimed to identify the genetic diversity of fecundity genes (BMPR1B and BMP15) on three Indonesian local goats, namely Kacang, Samosir, and Muara, using PCR-RFLP and nucleotide sequencing methods. The PCR-RFLP’s showed that all sample of three Indonesian local goats are monomorphic. Verification result by nucleotide sequencing found two substitution were G72T on BMPR1B gene exon 8 and G43A on BMP15 gene exon 2. Both of the mutation were not part of recognizing site of restriction enzymes. Furthermore, the genetic diversity was identified for exon 1 and exon 2 of BMP15. Nucleotide sequence of exon 1 of BMP15 gene was monomorphic among the three Indonesian local goats. On the other hand, there are three mutant alleles were found on exon 2 among the three Indonesian local goats. Two mutant alleles of A325G and C398G were found on Kacang goats population. One mutant allele was C34T on Muara goats population. The population of Samosir goats have identically sequence of BMP15 exon 2. The phylogenetic tree based on coding sequence exon 2 showed that Kacang, Samosir and Muara goats clustered with several local goats in the world. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree also defined Kacang, Samosir and Muara goats as monoovulation group.

Indonesia memiliki potensi keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi. Salah satunya adalah kambing lokal. Beberapa kambing lokal di Indonesia memiliki sifat unggul, antara lain bersifat prolifik. Sifat prolifik ini dikendalikan oleh gen fekunditas, antara lain Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 1B (BMPR1B), Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 (BMP15) dan Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9). Gen BMPR1B yang dikenal sebagai FecB terletak pada kromosom 6 dan diekspresikan oleh sel oosit dan sel granulosa dalam ovarium. Mutasi pada FecB yang berkaitan dengan sifat prolifik adalah substitusi A746G yang menyebabkan substitusi asam amino Q249R. Adapun gen BMP15 yang dikenal sebagai FecX terletak di kromosom X dan hanya diekspresikan di dalam sel-sel oosit. Beberapa alel mutan pada gen BMP15 yang berhubungan dengan sifat prolifik adalah FecXI (Inverdale), FecXH (Hanna), FecXB (Belclare), FecXG (Galway), FecXL (Lacaune) dan FecXR (Rasa Aragonesa). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman genetik gen fekunditas (BMPR1B dan BMP15) pada kambing Kacang, Samosir dan Muara menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP dan sekuensing nukleotida.