Quantitative Analysis of Bird Communities on Peleng Island with a Focus Banggai crow (Corvus unicolor).

Abstract

Peleng island is one of the area in Sulawesi that has large number of variety of bird species. In Peleng Island there is banggai crow that as an endemic bird of Sulawesi. Nowdays, the data about the bird is only a few. This research aimed to identify the bird community, to measure the similarity of the community, the spreading structure of the bird, the ecological aspect and also the spreading pattern of the banggai crow. The data of the bird species was gathered by using IPA count method toward the type of the season and tropical forest habitat type, concentration count method toward marsh area habitat type and line transeck method was used toward mangrove and rain forest habitat type for gathering the data of the banggai crow. Through the research result, it has been found 77 species of birds that classified into 36 families. The largest number of the member was the Columbidae (10 species). The highest index of the variety (H 3,42) was the mangrove habitat type. The analysis t test of the species variety index showed that all habitat types did not have any differences. The habitat type of the season and tropical forest had species similarity index rate 37%. The habitat type of the mangrove forest was the one with the highest species evenness (0,93). Commonly, the pattern of the spreading bird species was in group. Through the Morisita index analysis result, it was found that banggai crow spread in group (Ip>0). Banggai crow only found in the tropical forest type.

Pulau Peleng merupakan salah satu daerah di Sulawesi yang mempunyai jumlah jenis burung yang tinggi, terutama jenis burung endemik. Jenis-jenis burung tersebut terdapat di berbagai komunitas yang ada di Pulau Peleng. Selain itu, di Pulau Peleng juga terdapat burung gagak banggai yang merupakan jenis burung endemik di Kepulauan Banggai. Sejak dahulu pulau ini telah didatangi oleh para peneliti dan pengamat burung, baik dari dalam maupun luar negeri. Namun demikian, hingga saat ini hasil penelitian terhadap jenis-jenis burung yang ada di Pulau Peleng masih sangat kurang. Atas dasar tersebut, penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi struktur komunitas burung, mengukur kesamaan jenis dan pola penyebaran burung, serta mengidentifikasi aspek ekologi dan pola sebaran spasial gagak banggai.