Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun dan bunga kitolod (laurentia longiflora (L). Peterm) terhadap beberapa bakteri penyebab konjungtivitas

Abstract

Leaf and flower Kitolod (Laurentia longiflora (L). Peterm) have been used by Indonesian community as a traditional medicine to treat eye disease such as red eye (conjunctivity). The aim of this study was to test antibacterial activity of leaf and flower ethanol extracts of kitolod against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and to identify the compound of those extracts responsible for the antibacterial activity. Preparation of ethanol extract of kitolod leaf and flower was carried out by maceration with 70% ethanol. Antibacterial activity from those extracts was analyzed by agar diffusion methode using paper disc and chloramphenicol 20% as a positive control. The antibacterial compounds of those extracts were identified by GCMS (Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer) pyrolisis. The results of this study showed that ethanol extracts of kitolod leaf and flower inhibited Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter are 19,33 mm and 15,66 mm respectively. However, the extracts could not inhibit Streptococcus pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts was determined by the dilution methode using paper disc. Minimum inhibitory concentration values of the ethanol extract of kitolod leaf and flower was 25 mg/ml. The compounds of ethanol extract of kitolod leaf showing antibacterial activity were fatty acid and their derivatives (chloro acetic acid, acetic acid, and palmitic acid); acetophenone; benzyl alcohol; 6 methyl-5-hepten-2-ol; 2,3-dehydrobenzofuran; flavonoid (aesculetin and 4 ethenyl 2 methoxy phenol) and Heptanal. While compounds responsible for antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of kitolod flower were fatty acid and its derivatives (stearic acid, palmitic acid, methyl palmitate, myristic acid, lauric acid, acetic acid, and heptadecane-(8) carbonic); Nitroform; acetophenone; 4 ethenyl 2 methoxy phenol; Levoglucosan; xanthosine; styrene; 2,3-butanediol and 2,3-dihydro benzofuran.