Test of National Park Management Performance Standard on The Principles of Socio Cultural Function Sustainability (Case Study: Mount Halimun-Salak National Park)

Abstract

The current National Park management did not fully take into account the socio cultural benefits sustainability, particularly for indigenous communities. Therefore the park‘s performance achievement on the aspect of socio cultural needed to be assessed by using tested management standards. The research objectives were: (1) to measure the actual verifier and assess the indicators formulated by the Directorate General of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation (Ditjen PHKA) and Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) in Mount Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP), (2) to analyze the validity of management performance indicators of GHSNP (3) to measure the achievement of each indicator based on a minimum standard of performance, and (4) to formulate recommendations for improving management standards. The results showed that: (1) the actual value of management performance indicators for GHSNP was good for one indicator and fair for four indicators. There were four indicators that could not be measured and assessed because they were not applicable and were site specific, (2) eight of the nine indicators which have been tested in the field were valid, (3) the achievement of performance indicators for GHSNP management on the principle of socio-cultural sustainability has achieved its minimum values and (4) the standard management of national park should be completed because field results showed that, there were difficulties measuring the verifiers and assessing the indicators. This research found that there were inconsistency on the terminology used in the standards, lack of operational definition, difficulty in using the norm, and verifier inappropriate with actual condition

Upaya untuk melestarikan keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia diwujudkan dengan menetapkan kawasan-kawasan konservasi. Taman Nasional (TN) merupakan jenis kawasan konservasi dengan luasan terbesar, yaitu mencapai 16.347.757,64 ha atau 57,9% dari luas total seluruh kawasan konservasi yang ada (Dephut, 2008). Pada perkembangannya, pengelolaan kawasan konservasi termasuk TN dianggap terlalu mengedepankan aspek perlindungan dan pengawetan, sehingga memunculkan penilaian bahwa pengelolaan TN hanya terfokus pada upaya-upaya konservasi keanekaragaman hayati dan mengabaikan fungsi pemanfaatannya dalam rangka menjamin keberlangsungan manfaat sosial budaya bagi masyarakat khususnya masyarakat adat. Oleh karena itu, kelestarian fungsi sosial budaya dijadikan salah satu tolok ukur dalam menilai kinerja pengelolaan TN. Permasalahannya, belum ada standar kinerja pengelolaan TN yang teruji dan baku sebagai acuan untuk menilai kinerja TN di bidang sosial budaya. Bertolak dari hal tersebut, diperlukan suatu penelitian untuk mengujicoba standar kinerja pengelolaan TN yang dalam penelitian ini mengadaptasi standar kinerja yang telah dirumuskan oleh Ditjen PHKA dan IPB pada tahun 2004, khususnya pada kriteria tergalangnya hubungan harmonis budaya lokal dengan sumberdaya alam di dalam kawasan.