Potensi Jahe, Kencur, Temulawak dan Sambiloto Sebagai Anti Mycoplasma gallisepticum dan Escherichia coli Penyebab Chronic Respiratory Diseases Kompleks

Abstract

Tanaman obat sudah sejak lama dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia dalam upaya pencegahan dan pengobatan penyakit serta peningkatan daya tahan tubuh. Banyak tanaman obat dan ramuan khas obat tradisional atau obat asli Indonesia dimiliki oleh setiap suku bangsa (etnis) di Indonesia. Beberapa tanaman obat tradisional yang banyak dijumpai di masyarakat antara lain jahe, kencur, temulawak dan sambiloto. Tanaman ini banyak digunakan dalam aktivitas hidup sehari-hari baik sebagai bumbu masak maupun bahan baku obat tradisional (Depkes 2000). Pengobatan dengan menggunakan tanaman obat memiliki beberapa keuntungan, yaitu relatif aman untuk dikonsumsi, memiliki toksisitas yang rendah serta tidak meninggalkan residu.

Zingiber officinale Rosc, Kaempferia galanga, Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb and Andrographis paniculata nees are medicinal plants that have been used widely for traditional treatment for human in Indonesia. The herbs have also been used for treatment in animals but they have not been proven scientifically. The advantages of using herbs for treatment compared to antibiotics are the herbs have less resistances, low toxicity and no residual component produce in the body organs. Complex chronic respiratory disease (CCRD) of chickens was known to be infectious and causes high economic losses against poultry industries. The main agent of the disease is Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) and complicated by Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the secondary infection. Antibiotics have been used widely for treatment the disease but the disease is still spread widely in the world up to now. The other disadvantages are bacterial resistance and drug residues have frequently been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potency of four medicinal plants against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) and Eschirichia coli (E. coli) infections. The potencies of those plants were examined using growth inhibition test according to Kirby bauer method. The study was treated as followed: the M. gallisepticum and E. coli were treated with traditional herbs (extract of Zingiber officinale Rosc, kaempferia galanga, Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb and Andrographis paniculata nees) in different concentrations from 0.4% to 50%. The study was provided by negative and positive controls. The negative control was used without treatment on the disc and positive control was using 5 ug enrofloxacin disc. The result of this study showed that the zingiber water extract and zingiber n hexan fraction had good inhibition zones for M. gallisepticum but not for E.coli. No inhibition zones were performed by other herbs against neither M. gallisepticum nor E.coli. Further compound inhibition effect of Zingiber officinale Rosc against M. gallisepticum was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. Gingerol and zingiberen compounds were obtained from this technique and these compounds were suspected to be the main compound causing inhibition. According to literature search, these two compounds are belonging to essential oil.