Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni Local Isolates Against Five Type of Antimicrobials In Vitro and In Vivo

Abstract

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the foodborne zoonotic pathogens that cause gastroenteritis in humans. Many reports from different countries showed that Campylobacter jejuni was resistant to some antimicrobial such as erytromycin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. The objective of this research were 1) to find the resistance of local isolates of Campylobacter jejuni (Demak and Kudus) against five types of antimicrobials: amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erytromycin, and ciprofloxacin, 2) to get the type and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to inhibit Campylobacter jejuni infection and 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of five types of antimicrobials (amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erytromycin, and ciprofloxacin) for the treatment of Campylobacter jejuni infection. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from chicken meat that sold in the traditional markets and supermarkets. Resistance test was performed using disc diffusion method and broth dilution method. The result of disc diffusion method test showed that Demak isolates were resistant to two types of antimicrobials; ciprofloxacin (9 mm) and tetracycline (12,2 mm), while the Kudus isolates were sensitive to four types of antimicrobials. The results of broth dilution method test showed that Demak isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (5 μg/ml) and tetracycline (20 μg/ml), while the Kudus isolates were sensitive to five types of antimicrobials. To evaluate the effectiveness of five types of antimicrobials for the treatment of Campylobacter jejuni infection, chickens were infected orally with Campylobacter jejuni (104 CFU) and then treated with five antimicrobials in each group. The result showed that generally the use of antimicrobials in treated groups could maintain the body weight compared to the untreated groups. It could be concluded that the local isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were resistant to antimicrobials; nevertheless infected chicken could still be treated effectively with antimicrobials.