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      Karakterisasi Bahan Organik dan Senyawa Organik Larut Air pada Gambut, Serasah Pinus dan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit

      Characterization of organic matter and water extractable organic matter in peat, pine litter and palm oil mill effluent

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      Date
      2012
      Author
      Alviantoro, Bayuaji
      Iskandar
      Sudarsono
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      Abstract
      Water extractable organic matter (WEOM) is a part of organic matter that dissolved into water. WEOM has important role in soil for nutrient availability from mineral degradation and chelatization of cations, such as Fe and Al. WEOM has different characteristic from it’s origin organic matter. The objectives of this research are to characterize some properties of organic matter and WEOM that extracted from those organic matter, such as peat, pine litter and palm oil mill effluent. The analyzed parameters of organic matter are pH, cation exchange capacity, water content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, functional group and nutrient content, while the analyzed parameters of WEOM are pH, electric conductivity, dissolved organic carbon and nutrient content. The result showed that the characteristic of three organic matters depend on it’s compositions. This result is proved by the analyzed parameter such as pH, cation exchange capacity and C/N ration from each organic matter. Pine litter and peat showed a higher nutrient content respectivelly Fe (15.346 ppm and 66.051 – 70.945 ppm), Ca (9.817 ppm and 39.572 – 53.687 ppm), Mg (5.415 ppm and 19.313 – 29.568 ppm), Mn (1.208 ppm and 993,6 – 2.364 ppm), Zn (64,0 ppm and 81,8 - 112,2 ppm), Cu (69,7 ppm and 78,0 - 153,6 ppm), Na (207,4 ppm and 507,3 - 750,0 ppm), while the value of K (5.908 – 6.245 ppm) nutrient higher at palm oil mill effluent. Functional groups which contain all of organic matter are : C-X (at all vibration), C-O, S=O, C=C, N-H, C-H dan O-H. Electric conductivity (EC) value of WEOM from pine litter, peat and palm oil mill effluent are respectivelly 197,4 μS/cm, 41,6 - 108,5 μS/cm and 6130 - 7160 μS/cm, while dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content at each WEOM are 76,1 mg/l, 4,1 - 6,0 mg/l and 90,2 - 158,3 mg/l. Filtration to origin organic matter resulted in change of pH value and nutrient content at WEOM. The pH value of WEOM increase than the origin organic matter, while the nutrient content of it decrease. The highest decrease number found in Zn nutrient, where the decrease almost reach 100 % at each WEOM.
       
      Senyawa organik larut air (SOLA) merupakan bagian dari bahan organik yang dapat larut dalam air. Peranan SOLA sangat penting di dalam tanah, di antaranya membantu penyediaan unsur hara melalui proses pelapukan mineral dan khelatisasi kation mudah terjerap. SOLA memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan bahan organik asalnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan karakterisasi terhadap beberapa jenis bahan organik dan SOLA yang diekstrak dari bahan organik tersebut. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah serasah pinus, gambut dan limbah cair kelapa sawit. Parameter bahan organik yang dianalisis adalah pH, KTK, kadar air, Corganik, N-total, nisbah C/N, kandungan unsur hara dan gugus fungsional, sedangkan parameter SOLA yang dianalisis adalah pH, daya hantar listrik, karbon organik terlarut dan kandungan unsur hara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga jenis bahan organik memiliki karakteristik yang dipengaruhi oleh bahan-bahan penyusunnya. Hal ini ditunjukkan melalui beberapa parameter seperti pH, KTK dan nisbah C/N pada masing-masing bahan organik asal. Analisis kandungan hara total menunjukkan bahan serasah pinus dan gambut secara berturut-turut memiliki kadar unsur hara Fe (15.346 ppm dan 66.051 – 70.945 ppm), Ca (9.817 ppm dan 39.572 – 53.687 ppm), Mg (5.415 ppm dan 19.313 – 29.568 ppm), Mn (1.208 ppm dan 993,6 – 2.364 ppm), Zn (64,0 ppm dan 81,8 - 112,2 ppm), Cu (69,7 ppm dan 78,0 - 153,6 ppm) dan Na (207,4 ppm dan 507,3 - 750,0 ppm) yang lebih tinggi dari limbah cair kelapa sawit, sedangkan kadar unsur hara K lebih tinggi pada limbah cair kelapa sawit (5.908 – 6.245 ppm). Gugus fungsional yang terdapat pada bahanbahan tersebut adalah gugus C-X pada semua vibrasi, C-O, S=O, C=C, C-N, N-H, C-H dan O-H. Nilai daya hantar listrik (DHL) pada SOLA serasah pinus, gambut dan limbah cair kelapa sawit secara berturut-turut adalah 197,4 μS/cm, 41,6 - 108,5 μS/cm dan 6.130 – 7.160 μS/cm, sedangkan kadar karbon organik terlarut (DOC) pada SOLA secara berturut-turut sebesar 76,1 mg/l, 4,1 - 6,0 mg/l dan 90,2 - 158,3 mg/l. Filtrasi bahan organik asal menyebabkan perubahan pH dan kandungan unsur hara pada SOLA. Nilai pH pada SOLA menunjukkan peningkatan dibandingkan bahan organik asalnya kecuali pada serasah pinus, sedangkan kandungan unsur hara pada masing-masing SOLA mengalami penurunan. Perubahan terbesar terdapat pada unsur hara Zn dimana penurunannya hampir mencapai 100 % pada masing-masing SOLA.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/55583
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      • UT - Soil Science and Land Resources [2823]

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