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      Fluks Gas Metana (CH4) dan Dinitrogen Oksida (N2O) pada Lahan Jagung, Kacang Tanah, dan Singkong di Kecamatan Ranca Bungur, Bogor

      Flux of Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Gases on Corn, Peanut and Cassava Fields at Ranca Bungur, Bogor

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      Date
      2012
      Author
      Suryadi, Andi
      Suwardi
      Darmawan
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      Abstract
      Peningkatan suhu bumi diduga berkaitan dengan meningkatnya gas rumah kaca (GRK) di atmosfer. Tiga GRK yang diduga berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan fluks GRK yaitu karbon dioksida (CO2), metana (CH4), dan dinitrogen oksida(N2O). Selama ini penelitian tentang fluks GRK lebih dominan terhadap CO2, padahal potensi pemanasan global dari CH4 dan N2O lebih besar dibandingkan CO2. Selain itu penelitian fluks GRK pada tanah mineral di daerah tropis untuk lahan pertanian sangat jarang. Oleh karena itu penting untuk mengetahui informasi fluks CH4 dan N2O dari lahan pertanian di daerah tropis. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada lahan jagung, kacang tanah dan singkong di Kecamatan Ranca Bungur, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dimulai dari November 2010 sampai Februari 2011. Fluks gas CH4 dan N2O diambil dengan metode ruang tertutup. Sedangkan untuk analisis kedua jenis gas ini menggunakan gas chromatography (GC) dengan dua jenis detektor, flame ionization detector (FID) untuk analisis CH4 dan electron capture detector (ECD) untuk analisis N2O. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa fluks CH4 pada lahan jagung, kacang tanah dan singkong sangat kecil, dengan nilai berturut-turut sebesar -0,3 kg/ha/tahun, 1,57 kg/ha/tahun dan 1,05 kg/ha/tahun. Sedangkan total fluks N2O pada lahan jagung, kacang tanah dan singkong terukur juga sangat kecil kecuali pada lahan jagung, berturut-turut pada lahan jagung, kacang tanah dan singkong sebesar 16,09 kg/ha/tahun, 0,76 kg/ha/tahun dan 1,52 kg/ha/tahun. Tingginya fluks N2O pada lahan jagung diakibatkan oleh pemupukan nitrogen yang berlebihan. Pemupukan nitrogen yang berlebihan dapat dilihat dari tingginya konsentrasi ion nitrat (NO3 -) dan ion amonium(NH4 +) pada tanah yang ditanami jagung.
       
      Increasing temperature of the earth may be related with the increase of green house gas (GHG) emission to the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane(CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) have been estimated to contribute of increasing GHG emission. In recent time, researches on GHG emission were more concentrated on CO2, even though the global warming potential of CH4 and N2O are higher than CO2. In addition, researches on GHG emission in tropical mineral soil from agriculture fields still rarely done. Therefore, it is very important to collect information of CH4 and N2O emission from tropical agricultural land. This research was conducted on the fields of corn, peanuts and cassava in Ranca Bungur, Bogor, West Java, starting from November 2010 until February 2011. Methane and N2O fluxes were taken by closed chamber method. Methane and N2O were measured using gas chromatography with two detectors, flame ionization detector (FID) for CH4 and electron capture detector (ECD) for N2O. The results showed that the total flux of CH4 from corn field, peanut field and cassava field are very low only -0.3 kg/ha/year, 1.57 kg/ha/year and 1.05 kg/ha/year, respectively. N2O emission were also low successively at 16.09 kg/ha/year, 0.76 kg/ha/year and 1.52 kg/ha/year. The high number of N2O emission on corn field related with excessive fertilization of N fertilizer. The excessive N fertilizer can be shown from the high of N concentration (nitrate and ammonium) in the soil of corn field.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/55582
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