Studi Populasi Nyamuk Tersangka Vektor Filariasis di Daerah Endemis Desa J ambu Ilir Kabupaten Ogan Komering IIir Sumatera Selatan

Abstract

Penyakit kaki gajah atau filariasis adalah satu di antara penyakit menular yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia. Kerugian ekonomi akan timbul akibat menurunnya produktivitas kerja penderita filariasis. Depkes (2002) menetapkan bahwa daerah dengan microjilariae rate (Mf rate) > 1 % termasuk dalam kategori daerah endemis filariasis. Kabupaten Ogan Komering IIir (OKI), merupakan satu di antara beberapa daerah endemis filariasis yang ada di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Pada awal tahun 2005 dilakukan pemeriksaan darahjari terhadap 342 orang di Desa Jambu Ilir Kecamatan Tanjung Lubuk, ditemukan tujuh orang positif mikrofilaria dari jenis Brugia malayi dengan Mf rate 2,05%.

This study was aimed to identifY mosquitoes which contacted to human, identifY the filariasis suspected vector, determine the filarial species and to know the level of knowledge, attitude and behavior of the community in Jambu Ilir village Ogan Komering Ilir regarding filariasis. The reseach was carried out in July 2008 to April 2009. The mosquitoes were collected by using landing collection and light trap method. The mass blood survey of 382 peoples was taken at 20.00 o'clock, and 101 respondent of peoples in this village was interviewed. The result showed that there were 1.285 mosquitoes collected during the study, which consisted of21 species i.e. one Aedes (Ae. albopictus), three Anopheles (An. barbil'ostris, An. umbrosus, An. vagus), ten Culex subgenus Culex (Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. fuscochepalus, Cx. gelidus, Cx. hutchinsoni, Cx. pseudosinensis, Cx. sitiens, Cx. solitarius, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Cx. vishnui, Cx quinquefasciatus), one Culex subgenus Lutzia, one Armigeres (Ar. subalbatus), three Mansonia (Ma. uniformis, Ma. dives, Ma. annulifera), Aedeomyia and Topomyia. The highest percentage of mosquito collected by light trap method was Ma. uniformis (26,19%), then followed by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus (23,47%) and Cx. gelidus (11,22%). The dominant mosquito collected by landing collection was Ma. uniformis (34,78%), then follwed by Cx. quinquefasciatus (33,37%) and Ma. dives (11,46%). Man Hour Density (MHD) for indoor collection of Cx. quinquefasciatus was 0,56, Ma. uniformis 0,41 and Ma. dives 0,12. MHD for outdoor collection of Ma. uniformis was 0,63, Cx. quinquefasciatus 0,59 and Ma. dives 0,25. The peaks of blood sucking activity of Ma. uniformis was at 20.00- 21.00 o'clock (outdoor) and at 21.00-22.00 o'clock (indoor). There was no found filarial larvae in the mosquitoes and microfilariae in the human blood. The lack of knowledge and the behaviour of people going outdoor and to the river during the night will increase the risk of filarial infection in the study area.