Design strategy of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in the economic empowerment of local communities and coastal resources management in Bontang (case study of PT Pupuk Kaltim)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of PT Pupuk Kaltim and the presence of its industrial activity on the economic growth of Bontang. To analyze the role of company’s CSR activities towards the economic empowerment on local communities and management of coastal resources in Bontang. and to develop a design strategy to economically empower local communities and coastal resources management in Bontang. Location Quotient (LQ) methods and Shift Share to observe the influence of company’s industrial activity and its economic impact on Bontang. Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) to observe the effectiveness of company’s CSR activities. To assess the sustainability of coastal areas, a modified method by measuring dimensional aspects of sustainability which are ecological, economic, socio-cultural, infrastructure and technology, as well as legal and institutional. The results of LQ analysis indicates that Bontang economic growth is highly correlated with the presence of manufacturing sector. Based on the analysis, which covers oil and gas industry, this study exceptionally concludes the presence of gas industry does have a strong role with a value greater than 1 and, coefficient of determination of 1.582 to the regional economy. Meanwhile, the shift share analysis shows that the role of regional economic structures is large enough to reach 92%. The ratio is mainly contributed by the potential of regional economic which is 46%. The results of IPA analysis show the significance of company’s CSR activities is sufficient to meet the expectations of coastal communities. Overall, the analysis concludes that the level of sustainability of coastal area in multi-dimensional value is 53.73, which lays in category of fairly continuous. Based on the analysis the sustainability of individual criterion are fairly sustainability for ecology (50.43), infrastucture and technological (60.83), and legal and institutional (55.33). Furthermore, the dimension of economic and socio-cultural are weak sustainability. The design of coastal development strategy is intended to encourage the Bontang City development sectors based on renewable coastal resources so that it can be a driving force for coastal economic activity in the future. Whereas, in particular for the CSR design strategy is to build economic self-reliance of local communities, community capacity building in integrated coastal management and resource conservation in coastal of Bontang City.

Pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat dan sumberdaya pesisir Kota Bontang sangat menentukan keberlanjutan pembangunan Kota Bontang yang berada di wilayah pesisir, dimana di dalamnya terdapat aktivitas ekonomi berskala besar yakni PT Pupuk Kaltim (PKT) dan PT Badak NGL (BADAK) yang perlu ditingkatkan perannya dalam pembangunan ekonomi maupun tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan, sehingga mampu meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat dan sumberdaya pesisir di Kota Bontang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di seluruh kelurahan yang berbatasan langsung dengan pesisir Kota Bontang yaitu, Bontang Kuala, Bontang Baru, Lhok Tuan, Guntung, Berbas Pantai, Berbas Tengah, Tanjung Laut Indah, Tanjung Laut dan Kelurahan Belimbing. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keberadaan perusahaan industri pengolahan (PKT) terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Kota Bontang, serta secara khusus menganalisis tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) terhadap pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat dan pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir Kota Bontang, dengan mengambil studi kasus peran CSR di PKT, dimana selanjutnya menjadi acuan dalam menyusun desain strategi dalam pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat dan pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir di Kota Bontang. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Location Quotient (LQ) dan Shift Share untuk melihat pengaruh keberadaan perusahaan industri pengolahan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi wilayah. Peran dan efektifitas program CSR terhadap pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat dan pengelolaan pesisir dianalisis menggunakan Importance Performance Analysis (IPA). Selanjutnya dalam mengkaji keberlanjutan wilayah pesisir digunakan metode Rapfish dengan mengukur lima dimensi keberlanjutan yakni, dimensi ekologi, dimensi ekonomi, dimensi sosial budaya, dimensi infrastruktur dan teknologi, serta dimensi hukum dan kelembagaan. Hasil analisis tersebut diatas dirumuskan menjadi desain dan strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat dan pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir. Hasil analisis LQ menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan ekonomi Kota Bontang sangat dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan sektor industri pengolahan. Dari hasil perhitungan LQ sektor industri pengolahan baik dengan migas maupun tanpa migas memiliki peranan kuat dengan nilai lebih besar dari 1, dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar 1,582 terhadap perekonomian daerah. Sedangkan analisis shift share menunjukkan bahwa peran struktur ekonomi daerah cukup besar yakni mencapai 92 %, rasio tersebut ditopang oleh kontribusi kekhususan potensi ekonomi daerah yakni 46 %.