Karakterisasi fenotipik dan genetik itik alabio (Anas platyrhynchos Borneo) di Kalimantan Selatan dalam rangka pemanfaatan dan pelestarian secara berkelanjutan

Abstract

Alabio ducks is one of the local duck in South Kalimantan as egg producers which characterized by high productivity of eggs. The study was carried out in order to describe the phenotypic and genetic characterization of Alabio duck being kept by smallholder farmers. The study was conducted in Hulu Sungai Selatan (HSS), Hulu Sungai Tengah (HST) and Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU), South Kalimantan, animal breeding and genetic laboratory and feed technology and nutrition laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science IPB Bogor. Six hundreds (75 males and 525 females) of Alabio ducks were used in this study with ages ranged from 5.5 to 5 months old, 144 of whole blood samples (71 blood plasma and 72 red blood cells) were collected from HSS, HST and HSU. The observed parameters were quantitative and qualitative traits of Alabio duck, genetic variability and nutrition composition. The quantitative traits (body measurement) and genetic polymorphisms of blood protein were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and descriptive analyses. The results showed that for body size measurement of Alabio ducks from HSS, HST and HSU such as length of back, neck, head and depth head as well as body length could be used as variables discriminantor factor. The blood protein polymorphisms of Alabio duck from HSS, HST and HSU displayed six of genotypes i.e. AA, AB, AC, BB, BC and CC with genes frequencies ranged from 0.2917 to 0.7667, heterozigosity value ranged from 0.407±0.120 to 0.661±0.135 and average heterozigocity value of HSS was 0.643±0.232, HST was 0.638±0.219 and HSU was 0.660±0.209. The genetic distances analysis demonstrated that of Alabio duck from HST had relatively closer distance with HSU (0.0148) when compared to HSS (0.2193). The Alabio duck from three locations (HSS, HST and HSU) have different plumage color. The dominant colors of male and famale duck were grayish brown, grayish black, grayish white, blue-green and black. The features of plumage male and female duck were brown spotted, black, blue green and plain. Male and female Alabio duck plumages have the glint of silver and shiny bluegreen. The color of bill, feet and shank of male and female duck were lite yellow, bright orange, pale yellow and black. The average five months eggs production was 67.11%±2.75 (HSS), 75.55%±3.87 (HST) and 76.48%±3.13 (HSU). The feeding duration was 14.99±0.24 minute/hour, feeding frequencies was 2.88±036 time/our and duration of drinking was 2.77±0.50 minutes/hour and moving from feeder to drinker places was 5.99 ±0.23 time/hour. The capability of male duck to mate female were 8.14±0.11bird/male (morning), 6.28±0.18 bird/male (afternoon) and 7.13 ±0.24 bird/male (evening).