Pemberdayaan masyarakat sekitar hutan melalui pendekatan kelompok : kasus pengelolaan hutan bersama masyarakat pada areal hutan produksi Perum Perhutani Unit I Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Forest areas through group approach (case study of forest management involving local people in the forest production areas of state forestry corporation (perum perhutani) unit I in the Province of Central Java)
Date
2010Author
Utama, Suwignya
Sumardjo
Susanto, Djoko
Gani, Darwis S.
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Kondisi sumberdaya hutan terus mengalami penurunan karena mengalami degradasi secara terus menerus. Di sisi lain jutaan penduduk secara langsung mengandalkan kehidupannya pada sumberdaya hutan. Kondisi penduduk di sekitar hutan yang dalam kemiskinan dan membutuhkan lahan sebagai sumber kehidupannya, mendorong semakin menguatnya pendekatan pengelolaan hutan yang melibatkan masyarakat atau social forestry. Paradigma baru pembangunan kehutanan mengarah kepada orientasi pemberdayaan masyarakat dan menempatkan masyarakat sebagai subyek atau pelaku utama. Sebagai pelaku utama dalam mengelola sumberdaya hutan, maka tema pemberdayaan menjadi faktor yang sangat penting. Terlebih lagi dalam sistem pengelolaan hutan secara bersama (kolaboratif) antara Perhutani dengan masyarakat. Salah satu pemberdayaan terhadap masyarakat yang efektif yaitu melalui kelompok, karena lebih luas jangkauannya dan sesuai dengan budaya masyarakat pedesaan yang komunal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji : (1) dinamika kelompok masyarakat sekitar hutan dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya; (2) tingkat keberdayaan masyarakat sekitar hutan dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh; (3) tingkat partisipasi masyarakat sekitar hutan dan hubungannya dengan tingkat keberdayaannya; dan (4) menyusun model dan strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat sekitar hutan yang efektif melalui pendekatan kelompok. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah pengelolaan hutan Perum Perhutani Unit I Provinsi Jawa Tengah meliputi tiga KPH yaitu KPH Pekalongan Timur, KPH Kedu Selatan dan KPH Gundih. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan bulan Januari 2008, dan pengambilan data pokok pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2008. Populasi penelitian yaitu petani sekitar hutan di tiga KPH terpilih sebanyak 889.407 KK. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey dengan kuesioner terhadap 408 petani sekitar hutan. Pengambilan sampel multistage cluster sampling dengan jumlah sampel tidak proporsional, sehingga ada bobot sampel tiap lokasi. Analisis data secara deskriptif dan model persamaan struktural (Structural Equation Model / SEM) dengan Program Lisrel 8.73. Forest villagers’ empowerment in a social forestry approach, especially collaborative forest management, is very crucial issue. The objectives of this study are: (1) to explore group dynamic of forest farmers’ group and to identify several factors influence the group dynamic; (2) to explore the level of empowerment of farmers around state forest area and to identify several factors influence the level of empowerment; (3) to explore the level of participation of farmers around state forest area and to find out the relationship of participation with the level of empowerment; and (4) to formulate a model and strategies to empower the farmers around state forest areas through group approach. The study had been carried out in three forest districts of East Pekalongan, South Kedu and Gundih in 2008. Survey using questionnaire with multistage cluster sampling was employed to collect main data from 408 farmers as respondents. The research data were processed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) of LISREL 8.73. The conclusions of the study are: (1) Level of group dynamic of forest farmers’ group is low. Factors influence significantly on the low of group dynamic are the low effectiveness of forest farmers’ group leadership, unfavorable environmental supports and low role of facilitators; (2) Level of empowerment of farmers is low. Factors influence directly and significantly on the low level of empowerment are unfavorable environmental supports, low level of group dynamic, low individual farmers’ potency, and ineffective process of empowerment. Whereas the ineffectiveness of forest farmers’ group leadership has indirect effect on the low level of empowerment; (3) Level of farmers’ participation is low. The low level of farmers’ participation is influenced directly by the low level of their empowerment; (4) Strategies to empower forest farmers are to strengthen six aspects such as environmental supports, forest farmers’ leadership, group dynamic, roles of facilitators, forest farmers’ potency and effectiveness of the process of empowerment.
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- DT - Human Ecology [564]
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