Peran pengembangan sumberdaya manusia dalam peningkatan pendapatan rumahtangga petani di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Abstract

The weakness of farmer as the agent of development was illustrated by the low quality of human resources. Accordingly, the development of human resource is considered the main factor to increase human quality. The objectives of this research are (1) describing the conditions of household economy and human resources development efforts done by farm household in the coastal and mountain area, (2) identifying factors that influence the farmer’s decision to develop human resources in the coastal and mountain area, and (3) analysing the household economic behavior in developing human resources and its relation with production resources allocation, consumption expenditure allocation and farm household income in the coastal and mountain area. Theoritical framework based on the analysis of farm household economics using descriptive qualitative analysis, single and simultaneous equations econometric model. The research was located at province of Daerah Istimewa Yogjakarta (DIY). Based on the infrastructure, Bantul and Kulon Progo district were selected to represent coastal and mountain area. The result of economic analysis shows that the aspect of human resources development that influence farmer’s decision making in human resources development at coastal area are motivation, education, relation with organization and perceptions on human resources development, while at mountain area are education, perceptions on human resources development and farmer’s involvement in organization. Economic behavior of household at coastal and mountain area not only influenced by economic factors but also influenced by social, cultural and environmental factors. The source of income at the two area are significantly different and cause the difference in the production, income and consumption expenditure of its societies. This household activities were influenced by the quality of human resources as the result of human resources investment in farm household. Human resources investment affect the quality of human resources only at mountain area. Based on this research, it is suggested that the government should facilitate better education, training and health services so that the farm household has better access to financial and market institution.

Pengembangan sumberdaya manusia sebagai kegiatan investasi di bidang sumberdaya manusia adalah suatu kegiatan investasi yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kerja yang akhirnya akan meningkatkan penghasilan. Investasi sumberdaya manusia dalam bentuk pendidikan, pelatihan dan perbaikan gizi dan kesehatan. Pengembangan sumberdaya manusia perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumberdaya petani dan keluarganya, tetapi dalam penerapannya sangat sulit dilakukan, mengingat karakteristik usaha pertanian yang memiliki banyak keterbatasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mendiskripsikan kondisi ekonomi rumahtangga dan upaya pengembangan sumberdaya manusia yang dilakukan rumahtangga petani di wilayah pantai dan pegunungan, (2) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keputusan rumahtangga petani untuk melakukan pengembangan sumberdaya manusia, dan (3) menganalisis perilaku ekonomi rumahtangga dalam pengembangan sumberdaya manusia serta kaitannya dengan alokasi sumberdaya produksi, alokasi pengeluaran konsumsi dan pendapatan rumahtangga petani. Penelitian ini menggunakan data cross section, yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan model ekonometrika. Analisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap keputusan rumahtangga petani untuk melakukan kegiatan pengembangan sumberdaya manusia dilakukan dengan menggunakan model persamaan tunggal dan metoda pendugaan OLS (Ordinary Least Squares). Sedangkan analisis perilaku ekonomi rumahtangga dalam pengembangan sumberdaya manusia serta kaitannya dengan alokasi sumberdaya produksi, alokasi pengeluaran konsumsi dan pendapatan rumahtangga petani dilakukan dengan model persamaan simultan dan metoda pendugaan 2 SLS (Two-Stage Least Squares).