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      Kebijakan pengembangan perikanan tangkap di kawasan perbatasan Kabupaten Kepulauan Talaud

      Genetic differentiation among populations of chromobotia macracanthus bleeker from Sumatra and Kalimantan based on sequencing gene of mtDNA cytochrome b and nucleus DNA RAG2

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      Date
      2008
      Author
      Hidonis, Kafi
      Soewardi, Kadarwan
      Sudarto
      Paradis, Emmanuel
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      Abstract
      The research on genetic differentiation among populations of Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker from Sumatra and Kalimantan based on sequencing gene of mtDNA Cytochrome b and nucleus DNA RAG2 has been done. The objectives of the study are to obtain the representation of genetic differentiation among population of clown loach fishes or botia (Chromobotia macracanthus) from Sumatra and Kalimantan and to estimate the time divergence of both population group of botia. Sample of botia population were taken from 3 rivers in Sumatra namely Batanghari, Musi, and Tulang Bawang and one river from Kalimantan namely Kapuas. The genetic analysis is based on the sequencing of mtDNA Cytochrome b and nucleus DNA RAG2. The statistical analysis was made by using APE packages on R language. The parameters observed are: nucleotide diversity, genetic distance, and neighbor-joining tree. The results showed that the highest nucleotide diversity is population of Musi, while the two populations namely Tulang Bawang (Sumatra) and Kapuas (Kalimantan) considered as the lowest genetic diversity especially based on Nucleus DNA RAG2 sequencing. Based on mtDNA Cytochrome b sequencing, the most distinct population among those populations based on its genetic distance are population of Musi and Kapuas. According to result of neighbor-joining tree analYSiS, the population of botia were classified into two group namely group of Sumatra and group of Kalimantan. The estimation of time divergence among group of population of Sumatra and Kalimantan based on mtDNA Cytochrome b is about 9,25-9,46 million years (Miocene era). The big genetic differences between population group of Sumatra and Kalimantan suggest that the effort of restocking of botia from Sumatra into Kalimantan has to be done carefully, because it may disturb the original population of botia.
       
      Penelitian mengenai diferensiasi genetik beberapa populasi Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker dari Sumatera dan Kalimantan berdasarkan sekuensing gen mtDNA Cytochrome b dan nukleus DNA RAG2 telah selesai dilaksanakan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran diferensiasi genetik antara beberapa populasi ikan botia (Chromobotia macracanthus Bleeker) dari Sumatera dan Kalimantan serta untuk menghitung waktu pemisahan dari kedua grup populasi ikan botia. Sam pel populasi ikan botia diambil dari 3 sungai di Sumatera yaitu Batanghari, Musi, dan Tulang Bawang serta dari satu sungai di Kalimantaan yaitu Kapuas. Analisa genetik berdasarkan pada sequencing gen mtDNA Cytochrome b dan nukleus DNA RAG2. Analisa statistik dilakukan menggunakan paket APE pada pemrograman bahasa R. Parameter yang diamati antara lain: keragaman nukleotida, jarak genetik, dan pohon neighbor-joining. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keragaman nukleotida tertinggi adalah populasi Musi, sedangkan dua populasi lainnya yaitu Tulang Bawang (Sumatera) dan Kapuas (Kalimantan) merupakan keragaman nukleotida yang terendah khususnya berdasarkan pad a sekuensing nukleus DNA RAG2. Berdasarkan pada sekuensing mtDNA Cytochrome b, perbedaan yang nyata antara populasi tersebut berdasarkan jarak genetik adalah antara populasi genetik Musi dan Kapuas. Menurut hasil analisa pohon neighbor-joining, populasi ikan botia dikelompokkan menjadi dua grup yaitu grup populasi Sumatera dan Kalimantan. Perkiraan waktu pemisahan antara grup populasi Sumatera dan Kalimantan berdasarkan mtDNA Cytochrome b adalah sekitar 9,25-9,46 juta tahun (zaman Miocene). Perbedaan genetik yang sangat besar antara grup populasi Sumatera dengan grup populasi Kalimantan menjadi pertimbangan untuk usaha restocking ikan botia dari Sumatera ke Kalimantan harus dilakukan dengan sangat hati-hati, karena hal terse but akan mengganggu populasi asli ikan botia.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/55005
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