Pengembangan pelabuhan tanjung priok berwawasan lingkungan (Ecoport) dalam rangka pengelolaan pesisir terpadu (studi kasus Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok)

Abstract

Research was done in Tanjung Priok Port, in buffer zone surrounding the port, and Jabodetabek region as port’s main hinterland. Purposes of this research include (1) to identify environmental quality of Tanjung Priok port (2) to analyze long term spatial planning for port’s development, (3) to formulate Tanjung Priok Port development plan based on spatial planning and integrate into Jakarta Bay and Coastal Area Spatial Planning 2030 (4) to develop port’s spatial zoning based on Ecoport Standard. Research has found phenomenon in environmental quality based on MENLH standard; those include decreasing of water quality which is 42% under the threshold quality standard, and air quality which is 90% under the threshold quality standard, particularly by rivers mouth and intersection by port’s gates. Based on GIS approach, the current 33% space utilization is appropriate with port Masterplan and 68% inappropriate due to conflict with Port Masterplan. Populations surrounding port area earn their living with low income and work in informal sector. Residences are overcrowded, slums-like, and prone to flooding and fire; the socially vulnerable are among general population. Port’s institutional management has established new regulation, which is separation between regulator (Port Authority) and terminal operator (PT (P) Pelindo II) without full involvement from local government. Based on the analysis, the ecoport index of 1,74 show that the existing condition of Tanjung Priok Port including its buffering zone does not fulfill the requirement of an ecoport standard. In order to resolve ports problems and conform to an international ecoport. Port of Tanjung Priok should be planned and developed by expanding port’s current boundary and size from 605 ha (2011) to 2810 ha (2030), which include the allocation of port’s main and supporting functions, logistic areas, docking, infrastructure, green belt and public facilities. Tanjung Priok ecoport development should be integrated with Jakarta Coastal Management and Spatial Planning 2030.

Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok adalah pelabuhan internasional utama terbesar di Indonesia, didirikan tahun 1883, terletak di pantai Utara Pulau Jawa, persisnya di pesisir Teluk Jakarta. Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok memiliki luas daratan + 604 ha dan kolam pelabuhan + 424 ha, penahan gelombang 8.456 m, panjang alur 16.853 m dan panjang dermaga 13.444 m. Kedalaman laut kolam pelabuhan dan alur pelayaran antara 7 – 15 m. Area daratan digunakan untuk pergudangan, lapangan umum, lapangan peti kemas, lapangan penumpukan mobil, tangki minyak palm bit dan non palm bit, dermaga, perkantoran, prasarana dan sarana, ruang terbuka hijau dan fasilitas umum lainnya. Fungsi utama Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok adalah sebagai pelabuhan barang ekspor impor dan antar pulau. Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok mempunyai peranan penting menunjang pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional, yang mana sebagian besar atau + 65% dari total ekspor nasional diangkut melalui Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok. Selain itu, perdagangan antar pulau di Indonesia sebagian besar juga dilayani oleh Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok. Pertumbuhan arus barang ekspor impor dari Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok dari tahun 2004 sampai 2009 meningkat  6,7% per tahun yaitu dari  3,18 juta TEUs menjadi  3,8 juta TEUs (PT.Pelindo II (Persero), Cabang Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok, 2009). Walau perkembangan arus barang melalui Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok meningkat terus, akan tetapi perkembangan fisik pelabuhan dan kapasitas lapangan penimbunan barang-barang kontainer dan prasarana serta sarana pelabuhan berkembang terbatas. Selain itu, prasarana jaringan jalan utama dan jalur jalan kereta api menuju pelabuhan perkembangannya sangat lambat, sehingga angkutan kontainer menimbulkan kemacetan lalu lintas yang tinggi setiap hari di dalam dan di luar pelabuhan. Kondisi nyata di pelabuhan adalah di satu sisi kapasitas pelabuhan dengan prasarana/sarana dan daya dukung Pelabuhan Tanjung Priok terbatas dan disisi lain tuntutan para pengguna jasa kepelabuhanan menuntut kecepatan di dalam pelayanan kegiatan bongkar muat barang dan pengurusan dokumen ekspor-impor.