Desain pengelolaan perikanan madidihang (Thunnus albacares) di Perairan ZEEI Samudera Hindia Selatan Jawa Timur

Abstract

Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) are among the largest, most specialized and commercially important of all pelagic fish. They are in great demand throughout the world market due to their excellent meat quality. Yellowfin tuna is a cosmopolitan species distributed mainly in the tropical and subtropical oceanic waters, including in water of Indoneisia Economic Exclusive Zone (IEEZ) of Indian Ocean. Total catches of yellowfin tuna have been increasing more or less permanently in Indian ocean where this catches have been quite stable or slowly declining during recent years in their trends and absolute levels. Therefore stock status of yellowfin tuna in Indian Ocean on southern water of East Java currently has been predicted undergoing overfishing or close to overfishing which is very alarming from sustainability context. A research has been done on yellowfin tuna fisheries sustainability of artisanal fisheries based on ecology, economy, technology, social and institutional dimension. Primarily data were collected from logbook of sekoci boat at Sendang Biru Malang regency from 2003 to 2010. Secondary data were obtained from fishermen of sekoci boat who has yellowfin tuna fishing in fish aggregating devise (FADs) its distribution on equator area 9-12° S and 110-115° East longititude. Data were analyzed using RAPFISH (multidimensional scaling/MDS, leverage analysis, monte carlo analysis), and comparison pairwise analysis to asses multidimensional sustainability of yellowfin tuna fisheries. Research result showed that Rapfish index for ecological sustainability is 78.78%, whereas economical, technological, respectively social and institutional sustainability were: 72.60%, 72.56%, 39.44% and 39.57% . Multidimensional sustainability status assessment using pairwise comparison analysis showed sustainability index 69.39 %, or fairly sustainable. The conclusion of this research is the sustainability of yellowfin tuna fisheries in Indian Ocean of Indonesia Economic Exclusive Zone (IEEZ) will be established while social and institution dimensions is attended and improved by government. If the social and institution dimensions are immediately improved then the yellowfin tuna fisheries of artisanal fisheries at EEZI can take place in suitainable.

Indonesia memiliki wilayah Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI) di Samudera Hindia yang menjadi alur ruaya Madidihang, dengan wilayah pengelolaan kode 71 (FAO 2007). Madidihang di perairan Samudera Hindia habitatnya terdapat di lapisan campuran (mixed layer) dan termoklin, yaitu pada kedalaman 200-250 m (Bertrand et al. 2002). Berdasarkan alur wilayah pengelolaan perikanan (WPP) Indonesia, wilayah tersebut, diantaranya berada di WPP 573. Namun demikian, status potensinya (stock) pada saat ini diperkirakan telah mengalami overfishing atau mendekati overfishing (IOTC 2011). Perkiraan ini didasarkan kepada hasil tangkapan dunia di wilayah tersebut, selama periode tahun 2003‐2006, yaitu dengan rataan 464 000 ton sementara Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) diestimasi sekitar 300 000 ton, sehingga di masa akan datang keberlanjutannya sangat mengkhawatirkan (ISSF 2011). Guna kepentingan konservasi dan keberlanjutan, dalam konteks global pengelolaannya di atur oleh suatu organisasi perikanan regional, yaitu Indian Organization Tuna Commision (IOTC). IOTC, pada tahun 2012 akan mengatur dan membagi kuota jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan (Total Allowable Catch, TAC) untuk masing-masing negara anggota, termasuk Indonesia (IOTC 2011). Ketentuan lain yang harus dipatuhi oleh Indonesia adalah ketetapan, pemberlakuan langkah dan tindakan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan alat tangkap, metode penangkapan, jumlah upaya tangkap, musim penangkapan, musim tidak menangkap, moratorium, serta pembatasan ukuran ikan yang di tangkap. Apabila aturan ini tidak dipatuhi maka dianggap melakukan kegiatan penangkapan yang illegal, yang akan berdampak dalam pemasaran hasil (ekspor).