Efisiensi reproduksi dan produksi susu sapi friesian holstein (fh) pada generasi induk dan generasi keturunannya

Abstract

Milk production in Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows can be improved by increasing reproduction and milk production efficiency. Reproduction and milk production performances of HF cows for Parent Generation and its descendants have still been studied less in Indonesia. Study was aimed on reproduction and milk production efficiencies in HF cows from Parent Generation (P0) to its F1, F2, and F3 generations Interval of first mating after calving for F2 compared to P0 was shorther (P <0.01). This first mating after calving interval correlated negatively with observed generations. P0 had a significantly linear regression model (P<0.05) with log Y = 1981-0.1070 log X. F3 had very significant (P<0.01) in linear regression and significant (P<0.05) in both quadratic and cubic model, with log Y = 2.276 to 0.6778 log X. By conducted at Baturraden Dairy Cattle BBPTU, Baturraden Subdistrict, Purwokerto Regency, Central Java. Data of productivity of Holstein Friesian cows were used from the periods of 1985 to 2003. The data were from a total number of HF cows of 1598 hds, coming from P0 cows for 651 hds, and the generations of F1 for 599 hds, F2 for 280 hds and F3 for 68 hds. Generation from P0 through F3 resulted in increasing in birth weight and weaning weight; whilst lengthening in the ages of first mating and first calving as well as number of services per conception (S/C). progressing generations, from P0 through F3, increased days open (DO). For F3 generation, DO and lactation periode had a significantly negative correlation (P<0.05) with r = -0.325. For F3 generation, by lengthened lactation period linearly reduced DO with log Y = 2.487-0.6874 log X. Days of Lactation length and total milk production decreased by progressing generations from P0 until F3 generation. Total milk production and daily milk production reached the highest in the third lactation period. Dry period and calving interval increases from P0 through F3 generation. Lactation curve showed that peak of daily milk was reached at 8 weeks of lactation. P0 had the lowest persistence, while F2 had the highest one. Persistency by lactation periods increased up to the third lactation. HF cows by generations (P0 to F3 generation) resulted in increasing reproductive performances of the age at first mating and calving, first mating after calving interval, DO, and S/C. In general HF cows showed a decreasing productivity by progressing generations. pregnancy decreased significantly (P<0.01) from P0 to F2 generation, but it was difference among F2 to F1 and F3 generations.

Sapi FH merupakan sapi perah yang tergolong sensitif terhadap suhu dan kelembaban lingkungan yang tinggi seperti di Indonesia yang berada di wilayah tropis. Produksi susu pada sapi FH dapat ditingkatkan dengan cara meningkatkan efisiensi reproduksi dan produksi susu. Reproduksi dan produksi susu sapi FH untuk generasi Induk, keturunan F1, F2 dan F3 di Indonesia belum banyak diperoleh, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian mengenai hal tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan di Balai Besar Pembibitan Ternak Unggul (BBPTU) Sapi Perah Baturraden, Kecamatan Baturraden, Kabupaten Purwokerto, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober sampai dengan bulan Nopember 2009. Ternak yang digunakan merupakan sapi Friesian Holstein (FH) betina dewasa yang berada di BBPTU Sapi Perah Baturraden. Data produktivitas sapi FH berasal dari pencataan sejak tahun 1985 hingga 2003. Data tersebut dirunut berdasarkan garis keturunan sapi untuk diketahui generasi Induk, F1, F2 dan F3. Sapi FH betina dewasa yang digunakan berjumlah 1598 ekor, terdiri atas generasi Induk sebanyak 651 ekor, generasi F1 sebanyak 599 ekor, generasi F2 sebanyak 280 ekor dan generasi F3 sebanyak 68 ekor. Periode laktasi yang terjadi pada masing-masing generasi adalah Induk 9 periode, F1 8 periode, F2 8 periode dan F3 2 periode.