Community of Superfamily Papilionoidea Butterflies at Nature Educational Conservation Centre Bodogol, Sukabumi, West Java

Abstract

Changes of habitats which functioned as butterfly habitat have implicated to butterfly abundance. Aim of this research was to study Papilionoidea butterfly diversity based on habitat types i.e heterogenous, coniferous forest, and agricultural land. Observations of butterflies were conducted from July to December 2010 by scan sampling method. `Data were analyzed by using Shannon diversity index, equitability, Sorensen similarity, relative density, and frequency of occurance. Data were also shown in biplot using Principle Component Analysis and Correspondence Analysis. Result showed that as many as 132 species from 3864 individuals of butterflies the species were recorded into 4 families i.e Lycaenidae (21 species), Nymphalidae (80 species), Papilionidae (15 species), and Pieridae (17 species) were recorded. Diversity of butterflies at heterogeneous forest was highest, followed by agricultural land and coniferous forest. Similarity of butterflies between heterogenous and coniferous forest was 74%, between heterogenous forest and the agricultural land was 64%, and between coniferous forest and agricultural land was 70%. Family Nymphalidae has a higher density in heterogenous and coniferous forest. Whereas Papilionidae, Lycaenidae, and Pieridae were dominant in agricultural land. Heterogenous and coniferous forest were characterized by high humidity and lower temperature, light intensity and wind speed. Agricultural land was characterized by lower humidity and higher temperature, light intensity, and wind speed.

Beberapa spesies kupu-kupu superfamili Papilionoidea berperan penting sebagai bioindikator perubahan lingkungan. Kupu-kupu juga berperan sebagai polinator tumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari komunitas kupukupu superfamili Papilionoidea di Pusat Penelitian dan Konservasi Alam Bodogol berdasarkan perbedaan habitat, yaitu di hutan heterogen, hutan pinus, dan lahan pertanian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli-Desember 2010, di tiga habitat yang berbeda, yaitu hutan heterogen, hutan pinus, dan lahan pertanian. Lokasi penelitian terletak di kaki Gunung Gede Pangrango dengan ketinggian sekitar 800 meter dpl. Pengamatan kupu-kupu dilakukan dengan metode scan sampling di sepanjang jalur yang sudah ada di 3 tipe habitat, yaitu hutan heterogen, hutan pinus dan lahan pertanian. Pengamatan dilakukan pada pagi hari (pukul 08.00 WIB - 12.00 WIB) dan siang hari (13.00 WIB -16.00 WIB). Pada tiap habitat, dilakukan pengamatan selama tiga hari setiap bulannya, yang berlangsung selama 5 bulan, sehingga total pengamatan di tiga lokasi ialah 45 hari. Pada setiap pengamatan kupu-kupu dicatat jumlah spesies dan individu. Kupu-kupu yang telah diketahui spesiesnya, segera didata, sedangkan yang belum diketahui spesiesnya, ditangkap dengan jaring serangga, dimasukkan ke dalam kertas papilot, disimpan dalam kotak penyimpanan sementara, dan dibawa ke laboratorium untuk diidentifikasi. Identifikasi spesimen kupu-kupu dilakukan di Laboratorium Zoologi Universitas Nasional, Jakarta dan diverifikasi di Bidang Zoologi, Puslit Biologi, LIPI Cibinong. Pengukuran parameter lingkungan yang meliputi kelembaban udara (%), suhu udara (°C), intensitas cahaya (lux), dan kecepatan angin (m/s) dilakukan selama pengamatan kupu-kupu.