Identifikasi Masalah dan Strategi Konservasi Kawasan Goa Pawon, Kawasan Karst Citatah, Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Abstract

The findings of archaeological objects in cave such as artifacts, fossils, cave paintings and other objects were evidence of prehistoric utilization of karst caves in the world as a shelter for prehistoric men (KMNLH 1999). Such object were also found in Pawon Cave area in Citatah Karst of West Bandung Regency (WBR) as evidenced by the discovery of artifacts, animal bones and fossils (possibly the ancestor of Sundanese people) by the Bandung Basin Research Group. These findings were the first spectacular archaeological findings in West Java. Conservation efforts of Pawon Cave area also facing various problems. Common problems that occured in the area were limestone mining and agricultural activities. Importance value, potential and problems occuring of Pawon Cave have been the concerns of various stakeholders. To overcome the problem of utilization, it is necessary to have an area management strategy to maintain the value and potential of Pawon Cave area. The study was conducted in February-April 2011 in Pawon Cave area, Citatah Karst Area, West Bandung Regency with the objectives to identify the problems of conservation for Pawon Cave area, stakeholders mapping and to determine conservation strategy of Pawon Cave area. The data gathered included the problems, potentials and various activities within the Pawon Cave area, stakeholders, main task and functions of each stakeholders, roles, interests and influences. The method used were in-depth informant interview, field observation and literature study. Data analysis were performed using stakeholder and SWOT analyse. Based on research results, some conservation issues on Pawon Cave area, including limestone mining, collection of guano from Pawon Cave, environmental pollution, land degradation due to agricultural activities and seasonal decline in the quality and quantity of groundwater resources and karst. In addition, there were seven stakeholders who had interests and influences over the area of Pawon Cave, Culture and Tourism Service of WBR, Energy and Mines of WBR, The Environment Office of WBR, Bandung Basin Research Group, Planning and Regional Development Agency of WBR, Agriculture, Plantation and Forestry Service of WBR and Land Agency of WBR. The analysis showed that the Pawon Cave area required area conservation strategy, that is area degradation control and development of sustainable use of environmental service-resources area and environmentally sound to provide added values and improve community’s welfare. In addition, there is a need for institutional strengthening (coordination and cooperation forum) in management by the government (provincial and regency), NGO and communities based on the principle of joint management/co-management.

Temuan benda-benda purbakala di dalam goa seperti artefak, fosil, lukisan goa dan benda prasejarah lainnya merupakan bukti pemanfaatan goa-goa karst di dunia sebagai tempat berlindung manusia prasejarah (KMNLH 1999). Hal serupa juga ditemukan di kawasan Goa Pawon, Karst Citatah, Kabupaten Bandung Barat yang dibuktikan oleh penemuan artefak, tulang-tulang binatang dan fosil (yang diduga sebagai fosil nenek moyang orang Sunda) oleh Kelompok Riset Cekungan Bandung. Hasil temuan ini merupakan temuan pertama arkeologi spektakular di Jawa Barat. Upaya konservasi kawasan Goa Pawon juga mengalami berbagai permasalahan, yaitu pertambangan batu gamping dan kegiatan pemanfaatan lahan karst untuk pertanian. Nilai penting, potensi dan permasalahan di kawasan Goa Pawon telah menjadi perhatian berbagai pihak. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan pemanfaatan yang terjadi, dibutuhkan suatu strategi pengelolaan kawasan agar nilai penting dan potensi kawasan Goa Pawon tetap lestari. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari-April 2011 di kawasan Goa Pawon, Kawasan Karst Citatah, Kabupaten Bandung Barat (KBB) yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan konservasi kawasan Goa Pawon, memetakan stakeholder kawasan Goa Pawon dan menentukan strategi konservasi kawasan Goa Pawon. Data yang diambil meliputi permasalahan, potensi dan variasi kegiatan di kawasan Goa Pawon, stakeholder konservasi kawasan Goa Pawon, tugas pokok dan fungsi stakeholder, peran, kepentingan dan pengaruh stakeholder kawasan Goa Pawon. Metode yang digunakan adalah wawancara mendalam kepada informan, observasi lapang dan studi pustaka. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis stakeholder dan analisis SWOT. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh beberapa permasalahan konservasi kawasan Goa Pawon, diantaranya pertambangan batu kapur, pengambilan guano dari dalam Goa Pawon, pencemaran lingkungan, penurunan kualitas lahan akibat kegiatan pertanian musiman serta penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas air tanah dan sumberdaya karst. Selain itu, diperoleh 7 stakeholder yang memiliki kepentingan dan pengaruh terhadap kawasan Goa Pawon, yaitu Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata KBB, Dinas Energi dan Pertambangan KBB, Kantor Lingkungan Hidup KBB, Kelompok Riset Cekungan Bandung, Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Daerah KBB, Dinas Pertanian, Perkebunan dan Kehutanan KBB dan Badan Pertanahan KBB. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kawasan Goa Pawon membutuhkan suatu strategi konservasi kawasan, yaitu pengendalian kerusakan kawasan dan pengembangan pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan sumberdaya kawasan secara lestari dan berwawasan lingkungan untuk memberikan nilai tambah dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Selain itu, diperlukan penguatan kelembagaan (forum koordinasi dan kerjasama) dalam pengelolaan kawasan dari pihak pemerintah (Provinsi dan Kabupaten), LSM dan masyarakat berdasarkan prinsip pengelolaan bersama/co-management.