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      Karakterisasi Senyawa Organik Larut Air (SOLA) dalam Kompos Berbahan Dasar Kotoran Ayam dan Kotoran Sapi

      Characterization of Water Extractable Organic Matter (WEOM) in Chicken Manure and Cow Manure Base Compost.

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      Date
      2011
      Author
      Feo, Balthasar Fahik
      Iskandar
      Suryaningtyas,Dyah Tj.
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      Abstract
      Compost is a solid organic matter which is used as organic fertilizer to improve physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil. The use of compost should be in huge significant amounts, due to its low nutrient content. This is a limiting factor in the use of compost, therefore a technology to overcome these shortage is needed. The technology has been investigated is the use of extracts from organic matter known as Watter Extractable Organic Matter (WEOM). The objective of this research is to characterize of WEOM which is obtained by filtering the extract organic matter with a 0,45 μm filter. The organic matter which used for this research are compost made from chicken manure and cow manure. The compost used are compost A (chicken manure compost), compost B (cow manure compost) and compost C (compost from a mixture of chicken manure, cow manure, straw and chaff). The analyzed parameter of WEOM are pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, nutrient content of compost being used. The results showed that the WEOM extracted from three types of compost has a neutral pH. (WEOM from compost A and compost B has pH 6,7, whereas WEOM from compost C has pH 6,4. Compost B and compost C respectively has the electrical conductivity (EC) of 0,7 mS/cm and 0,8 mS/cm, whereas the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from both types of compost is 142,7 mg/L and 40,0 mg/L. Compost A has a salin EC (5,6 mS/cm) and very high DOC (1.046,1 mg / L). Functional groups which contained in three types of compost are: C-H (alkanes and alkenes), C-O (alcohols, ethers, esters and carboxylic acids), O-H (carboxylic acid), N-H (Primary and secondary amines and amides (bend)) and halogen groups C-X (chloride, bromide, iodide and fluoride). The functional groups that are only contained in certain compost such as functional group O-H (alcohols and phenols H-bonded) and C-N functional group (amine) is only found in compost A and compost B. The functional groups of C-H (aromaties) is only found in compost A and compost C, while the functional group of C = C (alkene), O-H (alcohol and phenol-free) and C-H (aldehyde) is only found in compost B and compost C. The functional group C≡C (alkyne) and C-H (alkane -CH3 (bend)) is only found in compost A.
       
      Kompos merupakan bahan organik padat yang biasa digunakan sebagai pupuk organik untuk memperbaiki sifat-sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah, Namun, kompos memiliki kandungan hara yang rendah sehingga penggunaan kompos harus dalam jumlah yang bayak. Hal ini menjadi faktor penghambat dalam penggunaan kompos, oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu teknologi untuk mengatasi kekurangan tersebut. Teknologi yang telah diteliti yaitu penggunaan ekstrak bahan organik yang dikenal dengan istilah senyawa organik larut air (SOLA) atau Water Extractable Organic Matter (WEOM). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah karakterisasi terhadap SOLA yang diperoleh melalui penyaringan ekstrak bahan organik menggunakan saringan membran 0,45 μm. Bahan organik yang digunakan berupa tiga jenis kompos yang berbahan dasar kotoran ayam dan kotoran sapi. Kompos yang digunakan yaitu kompos A (kompos kotoran ayam), kompos B (kompos kotoran sapi) dan kompos C (kompos yang berasal dari campuran kotoran ayam, kotoran sapi, jerami dan sekam). Parameter SOLA yang dianalisis adalah pH, daya hantar listrik, karbon organik terlarut, kandungan hara dari kompos yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SOLA yang diekstrak dari ketiga jenis kompos memiliki pH netral. SOLA dari Kompos A dan kompos B memiliki pH 6,7, sedangkan SOLA kompos C memiliki pH 6,4. Kompos B dan kompos C memiliki daya hantar listrik (DHL) berturut-turut sebesar 0,7 mS/cm dan 0,8 mS/cm, sedangkan kandungan karbon organik terlarut (DOC) dari kedua jenis kompos tersebut berturut-turut yaitu 142,7 mg/L dan 40,0 mg/L. Kompos kotoran ayam memiliki DHL yang salin (5,6 mS/cm) dan DOC yang sangat tinggi (1.046,1 mg/L). Gugus fungsional yang terkandung pada ketiga jenis kompos diantaranya adalah: gugus C-H (alkana dan alkena), C-O (alkohol, eter, ester dan asam karboksilat), O-H (asam karboksilat), N-H (bend amina dan amida primer dan sekunder) dan gugus berhalogen C-X (khloro, bromo, iodo dan fluoro). Adapun gugus fungsional yang hanya terkandung pada kompos tertentu seperti gugus fungsional O-H (alkohol dan fenol H-bonded) dan C-N (amina) hanya terdapat pada kompos A dan kompos B. Gugus fungsional C-H (aromatik) hanya terdapat pada kompos A dan kompos C, sedangkan gugus fungsional C=C (alkena) dan C-H (aldehida) dan O-H (alkohol dan fenol -free) hanya terdapat pada kompos B dan kompos C. Gugus fungsional C≡C (alkuna) dan C-H (alkana-CH3 (bend)) hanya terdapat pada kompos A.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/53340
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