Seed Invigoration treatments to increase seed viability, plant growth and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

The objective of this research was to study the effects of invigoration treatments, seeds viability and varieties on seed vigor, plant growth and yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.). The research was carried out in the seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University, and the Makariki field station, Central of Maluku District, Acessement Institute of Agricultural Technology Maluku. The research consisted of Laboratory and field experiments, both were arranged in a Randomized block design with three treatment factors, invigoration, viabilities, and varieties, and three replications. The result showed that the invigoration treatment with GA3 and young coconut water increased seed viability from 58.0-61.3 to 85.3-96.7% and vigor index from 19.1-44.9 to 42.5- 89.2%. The treatment also improved plant performance in the field indicated by more plants and higher grain yield of the treated plots than those of the untreated. There were 234.9-245.1 plants/plot yielded 4.96-6.22 t/ha, in the treated plots compared to 205.9-213.3 plants/plot yielded 3.41-3.83 t/ha in the untreated plots.

Hal inidisebabkanolehrendahnyaproduktifitaspadigogo yang barumencapai 2,97 ton/ha, sementaraproduktifitaspadisawahsudahmencapai 5,0 ton/ha. Disampingituluas areal penanamanpadigogolebihkecil (1,1juta ha) dibandingluas areal padisawah yang mencapai 11,8 juta ha. Penggunaanbenih yang mutunyarendah, merupakansalahsatupenyebabrendanyaproduktifitaspadigogo, ditambahdengankompleksnyapembataspertumbuhantanaman di lahankeringdibandinglahansawah.Invigorasibenihmerupakansalahsatumetodeuntu kmeningkatkanviabilitasbenih.Gibelerat, sitokinindan air kelapamudadapatdigunakanuntukmenginvigorasibenihpadigogo. Penelitianbertujuanuntuk: 1) mempelajaripengaruhperlakuaninvigorasibenihdantingkatviabilitaspadaberbagaiva rietaspadigogoterhadappeningkatanviabilitas, pertumbuhantanamandanhasil di laboratoriumdanlapang. 2) mempelajarikorelasiantaravariabelpengujian di laboratoriumdanpengujian di lapang. Penelitiandilaksanakandalamtigatahapyakni; prapenelitian, penelitianlaboratoriumdanpenelitianlapang.Prapenelitiandanpenelitianlaboratoriu mdilaksanakanmulaibulanOktober - Desember 2010 di laboratoriumIlmudanTeknologiBenih IPB.PenelitianlapangdilaksanakanpadabulanDesember 2010 sampaidenganbulan Mei 2011.Prapenelitiandilaksanakandenganmenggunakanmetodepengusangancepatfisi kuntukmemperolehtingkatvibilitasbenihdengandayaberkecambah (DB) ±80% dan±60%.Benihdidera/diusangkanpadasuhu 43-45 0C dan RH 100%.Penelitianlaboratoriumdanlapangmenggunakanrancanganacakkelompokpol afaktorial (tigafaktor) dengantigaulangan.Faktorpertamaadalahperlakuaninvigorasibenih(penelitian laboratorium10 tarafdanpenelitianlapang 5 taraf).Perlakuan invigorasi di lapangmerupakanperlakuanterpilihdarihasilpenelitianlaboratorium.Faktorkeduaad alahtingkatviabilitasbenihsebanyaktigatarafyaitu: tingakatviabilitastinggi (DB ±100%), tingkatviabilitassedang (DB ±80%) dantingkatviabilitasrendah(DB ±60%). Faktorketigaadalahvarietas (Situpatenggang, LimbotodanBatutegi).