Evaluasi Kesehatan Pohon Ornamental di Kota Bogor Menggunakan Metode Visual dan Gelombang Ultrasonik
Ornamental Tree Health Evaluation in City of Bogor Using Visual Observation and Ultrasonic Wave Based Technique
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Date
2011Author
Mariyanti, Ivana Lisdiana
Nandika, Dodi
Karlinasari, Lina
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INTRODUCTION : The existance of ornamental trees in down town of Bogor (urban trees) needs to maintain due to its important functions. On the other hand, ten percent of 700 old urban trees in the city tends to fall or crash. Therefor monitoring and evaluation of tree health is became important as a part of ornamental tree management. A study was conducted to evaluated urban tree health condition in Bogor City using visual observation as well as ultrasonic wave based technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS : Visual observation of tree health was conducted on 100 ornamental trees along Pajajaran Street, Bogor. Any deterioration symptom on each targeted trees was recorded Meanwhile a non destructive testing evaluation using Sylvatest Duo® (based on ultrasonic wave propagation) was also applied on the stem of targeted trees to detect internal defects. RESULT AND DISCUSSION: The result of this research showed that only 35.94% of ornamental trees along Jalan Raya Pajajaran, Bogor rated healthy visually, and the rest (64.06%) showed of deterioration symptom such as cancer; internal decay; open wound; dieback; knot; rotten; etc. This visual observation result was in line with ultrasonic evaluation result in which 30% of targeted trees implied in category I of ultrasonic wave speed propagation (healthy tree). Meanwhile the other trees include in category II (24%), III (8%), IV (11%),and V (27%). The speed of ultrasonic wave in unhealthy trees stem tends to descrease due to decay, rotten, and other deterioration symptom in the stem. In addition, the evidence of deterioration in stem of targeted trees was influence physical property of wood, in particular density and moisture content. Pohon ornamental dalam ekosistem perkotaan (urban trees) tidak saja memiliki fungsi ekologis, tetapi juga memiliki fungsi sosial dan ekonomis yang sangat penting. Oleh karena itu keberadaan dan kondisi kesehatannya selayaknya mendapat perhatian yang memadai. Cara paling sederhana untuk mengetahui kesehatan pohon adalah dengan pengamatan visual terhadap kondisi fisik pohon tersebut. Akan tetapi dengan metode ini tidak dimungkinkan mengetahui kondisi bagian dalam batang pohon, seperti adanya busuk hati dan kerusakan dalam batang lainnya. Sementara itu sejak beberapa tahun yang lalu telah berkembang teknik evaluasi kesehatan pohon dengan menggunakan gelombang suara, khususnya gelombang ultrasonik. Teknik ini termasuk ke dalam kategori tanpa merusak (non destructive testing/evaluation). Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui kesehatan pohon ornamental di sepanjang Jalan Raya Pajajaran Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat, baik secara visual maupun dengan memanfaatkan rambatan gelombang ultrasonik yang dihasilkan dari alat Sylvatest Duo® (frekuensi 22 KHz). Pengamatan secara visual dilakukan terhadap ada tidaknya gejala deteriorasi pada pohon sasaran, dari pangkal batang hingga tajuk pohon. Sedangkan penilaian kesehatan pohon dengan alat Sylvatest Duo® didasarkan atas kecepatan rambatan gelombang.
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