pengembangan produksi inokulan fungi mikoriza arbuskula berbasis bahan alami dan pemanfaatannya untuk produksi bibit jati

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) is a bioresources which is involved in various biogeochemical processes of carbon and soil nutrients. They influence plant fitness as well as terrestrial ecosystem stability. Mismanagement of land resources can make disappearance of AMF propagules from the soil. It is necessary to restore fungal propagules through inoculation of AMF in order to ensure the optimal function of terrestrial ecosystem. This dissertation composes of five experiments with main objective develop inoculant production model of AMF based on bio-material and its utilization for Tectona grandis L.f. seedlings production. Research results show that production of AMF inoculant is determined by AMF species and source of nutrient. Vermicompost and bone mill are bio-material that have potential to substitute fertilizer for the production of AMF Glomus etunicatum inoculant. Good G. etunicatum inoculant can be produced in the greenhouse by considering substrate sterilization, moisture content of the substrate, and bio-material used. Effectivity of each biomaterial is influenced by its nutrient content, particle diameter size and dosage. The finer the size of biomaterial the more effective source to produce G. etunicatum inoculant. The optimal dosage of bio-materials is equal to 50 mg P kg-1 of substrate. Solomon teak seedlings produced from tissue culture can be grown using polybag or bare root system with application of G. etunicatum inoculant and vermicompost. Inoculant of G. etunicatum in combination with vermicompost increase significantly teak seedling growth and chemical and biological characteristics of growth medium in the bare root system. Application mycorrhiza inoculant is recommended for producing teak seedlings from tissue culture to ensure teak seedling survivability in the field.

Fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA) telah hadir pada masa ketika permukaan bumi belum ditumbuhi tanaman darat. Fungi ini sangat penting artinya karena terlibat dalam berbagai daur biogeokimia unsur karbon dan hara sehingga menjamin kebugaran tanaman dan kemantapan ekosistem daratan. Fungi mikoriza arbuskula bertahan hidup dalam bentuk propagul yaitu spora, hifa ekstraradikal, tanah dan akar terkolonisasi. Bencana alam dan salah urus sumberdaya alam dapat meniadakan propagul dari permukaan tanah sehingga pengembalian propagul melalui pemanfaatan inokulan perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin ekosistem daratan tetap dapat berfungsi optimal untuk kesejahteraan seluruh mahluk hidup. Disertasi ini disusun berdasarkan hasil lima percobaan, yang dirangkum menjadi tiga penelitian, dengan tujuan umum untuk mengembangkan model produksi inokulan fungi mikoriza arbuskula berbasis bahan alami untuk produksi bibit jati (Tectona grandis L.f.). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Silvikultur Fakultas Kehutanan IPB mengggunakan fungi mikoriza arbuskula Glomus etunicatum, Acaulospora tuberculata, tanaman kudzu (Pueraria phaseoloides Roxb) dan jati (Tectona grandis L.f) provenan Solomon, sumber hara berupa larutan hara, SP36, tepung tulang, batuan fosfat dan vermikompos, serta zeolit dan tanah sebagai medium tumbuh. Data pengamatan diolah dengan analisis statistik model sidik ragam, korelasi dan regresi.