Efek intervensi tempe terhadap profil lipid, superoksida dismutase, ldl teroksidasi dan malondialdehyde pada wanita menopause

Abstract

Menopause is physiological condition in women where the function of ovaries is declining thus causing reduction of estrogen hormone production. The reduction of estrogen production may cause the destruction of lipid metabolism hence worsening the profile of blood lipid and lipid oxidation in the body. If this problem continues, further condition that we should be aware of is coronary heart disease (CHD). Lipid in the body is very prone to oxidation, with the result lipid peroxidation and marked with increase of malondialdehyde (MDA). Lipid, especially the K-LDL is the main target of oxidation that often called as Ox-LDL. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme is an antioxidant that acts as the primary defense against the process of oxidation in the body. The urgency in understanding about the correlation between consumption of soybean and its product with heart disease in women is due to this disease is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in menopause women. Tempeh is the most popular Indonesian traditional food made of soybean through the fermentation process. The fermentation process causes the increase of amino acid, fatty acid and the total of isoflavon in tempeh is much higher in the soybean. This research is aimed to study the effect of tempeh intervention toward the changes in lipid profile (total cholesterol, K-LDL, K-HDL, TGA), the SOD activity, and MDA in menopause women. The study design is using 2x4 weeks cross-over parallel group, randomized control trial with washout and it has received approval from the Research Ethical Commission, Board of National Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Number LB.03.04/KE/6693/2009. The research was conducted in Bogor City, with total sample of 53 menopause women that fulfill the inclusion research criteria.