Strategi pengembangan peternakan sapi perah rakyat di Kecamatan Cisarua, Bogor

Abstract

Dairy farms in Indonesia have a good prospect to be developed because more than 70% of national consumers needs are fulfilled from imports. Bogor regency has opportunity to take part in dairy industries by improving dairy farms development in some regions, one of these is Cisarua. This theses describes the sustainable development strategy of small dairy farms in Cisarua. The research was conducted during December 2010 and March 2011 in Cisarua, Bogor, West Java. The informations were collected through indivial interviewed with 28 dairy farmer households and some key informans. The data were analized and presented descriptively. Results showed that the following are possibly happen in development of small dairy farms in Cisarua: (1) decreasing natural fodder carrying capacity which is currently in very critical condition with 0.78 Carrying Capacity Index, (2) increasing of organic pollution in Kali Citeko Bawah, current value of COD (194.2 mg/l) and BOD (86.2 mg/l) are already above the quality standards stated in Government Regulation of Republic of Indonesia Number 82, Year 2001 on air quality management and water pollution control, (3) waste from dairy farms can potentially trigger a social conflict, and (4) farmers do not have any bargaining power in milk selling-price as due to high dependence to Milk Processing Industry. Based on analysis of current conditions in dairy farms and expert opinion, there are several targets to be achieved in order to improve dairy farms development in Cisarua i.e. (1) increase farmers’ income; (2) create employment oppurtunities; (3) optimize natural resource potential; (4) increase local economic growth; (5) to raise public nutrition level; (6) to create zero waste dairy farms and; (7) make dairy cattle as an icon of Cisarua. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) on experts’ choice showed that improvement in quality and quantity of milk/product (0.244), extension in capital access (0.208) and increase human resources quality (0.196) were the major strategies to achieve the targets of sustainable dairy farms in Cisarua, Bogor.

Peternakan sapi perah di Indonesia memiliki prospek yang baik untuk dikembangkan mengingat lebih dari 70% kebutuhan nasional masih diperoleh dari impor. Kabupaten Bogor memiliki peluang untuk mengambil bagian dalam industri persusuan dengan meningkatkan pengembangan peternakan sapi perah rakyat di daerah sentra peternakan sapi perah, salah satunya di Cisarua. Pengembangan peternakan sapi perah rakyat di Cisarua perlu memperhatikan aspek ekologi, sosial dan ekonomi. Pengembangan peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Cisarua terkendala pada terbatasnya kepemilikan lahan oleh peternak, tekanan perubahan tata guna lahan dan tingginya potensi pencemaran organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui kondisi terkini peternakan sapi perah rakyat di Cisarua, (2) mengetahui kondisi yang terkait dengan keberlanjutan peternakan sapi perah di Cisarua dan (3) merumuskan strategi pengembangan peternakan yang berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Cisarua dari Desember 2010 sampai Maret 2011. Pengambilan responden peternak sebanyak 28 orang dilakukan secara Stratified Random Sampling dan responden pakar sebanyak 10 orang dilakukan secara Purpossive Sampling. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan responden, observasi lapang dan dokumentasi terhadap pustaka terkait. Selanjutnya data dianalisis dan disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peternakan di Cisarua umumnya (82%) diusahakan dalam skala kecil dengan jumlah kepemilikan 1-5 ekor. Sapi perah yang dipelihara memiliki produksi rata-rata 11 liter/ekor/hari. Peternakan sapi perah merupakan usaha pokok peternak (95%) yang sebagian besar (67,86%) dijalankan oleh peternak usia 36-50 tahun dengan tingkat pendidikan mayoritas (57%) sekolah dasar. Peternakan di Cisarua didukung oleh empat kelembagaan kelompok dan satu koperasi yang khusus menangani komoditas sapi perah.