Model fenologi tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Abstract

Perkembangan dan pertumbuhan kelapa sawit merupakan fungsi dari faktor genetik tanaman, lingkungan dan kultur teknis. Pada kondisi faktor genetik bahan tanaman dan teknik budidaya bukan merupakan faktor pembatas, maka keragaman yang timbul sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan. Beberapa faktor iklim yang sangat nyata berpengaruh terhadap fase perkembangan tanaman, pertumbuhan dauun (emisi pelepah), pembentukan bunga jantan atau bunga betina yang ditentukan oleh sex ratio, dan pembentukan buah adalah ketersediaan air (curah hujan), suhu dan radiasi surya. untuk dapat menjelaskan hubungan antara peubah-peubah lingkungan (iklim) selama proses perkembangan dan pertumbuhan tanaman, diperlukan suatu metode analisis kuantitatif yang baku.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is one of the most important plantation commodities supporting Indonesia’s development. In the past decade, Indonesia has intensified the expansion of oil palm plantations and industry through various programs. Production increases have been pursued through both intensification and extensification. Extensification focuses on expanding plantation areas into new development regions, while intensification emphasizes improving yields through better cultivation practices and superior planting materials. These efforts have contributed positively to national socio-economic development and have involved millions of farmers. Indonesia has strong potential for further oil palm development due to its vast and fertile land resources, much of which is suitable for oil palm cultivation. By 1998, Indonesia had become one of the world’s major producers of crude palm oil (CPO)