Pemanenan dan pengolahan buah Rotan Jernang (Daemonorops draco (Willd.) Blume dalam upaya peningkatan produksi serta mutu Jernang

Abstract

One kinds of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) which high economic value is a product derived from rattan jernang fruits. Dragon’s blood is a resin from rattan jernang fruits. Dragon’s blood have uses such as natural colloring for batik industry and porcelain industry, as a mixture of cure such as wounds medicinal, bleeding and diarrhea and used a incense and frankincense. The research about dragon’s blood is rarely, meanwhile the potential is big enough and still can developed. Improved harvesting and processing techniques to obtain maximum quality of dragon’s blood still need to be researched. The research was conducted to analyze the potential dragon’s blood Sarolangun District, Jambi, to describes the technique of harvesting fruit of the community and to analyze yield and quality resulted from the traditional process of the community and boiling treatment. Dragon’s blood production center in the District Sarolangun is harvested from natural forests Tajau Pecah Block Bahar Hill and community based forest plantation in the village of Lamban Sigatal. Potential dragon’s blood at those places is 96.51 tons/year and 130.16 tons/year respectively, therefore the total potential of dragon’s blood in the District Sarolangun is about 226.66 tons/year. Harvesting technique of rattan fruits by the community is to observe the ripeness of the fruit characteristics of rattan such us the brownish red color. Good fruit which can be harvested is the old fruit but not too ripe. The fruit takes time about 11−13 months to be ripe. Resin will be formed at the optimal fruit maturity of 9 months. Farmers harvest the fruit by using a hook tool and a pole, then if the rattan is too high the farmer climbs its host tree. Dragon’s blood yield from the traditional process of the community is 7.26%, meanwhile the boiling treatment in each 1, 2 and 3 hours has yield as 3.27%, 3.24% and 3.10% respectively. Analysis of physico-chemical properties of the dragon’s blood with the traditional process of the community results resin content is 63.30%, moisture content is 3.48%, impurity content 32.16%, ash content 1.83%, melting point 96.00 °C and ruby color, meanwhile the boiling treatment 1, 2 and 3 hours for results resin content 81.83%, 81.21% and 80.91%, moisture content 3.64%, 3.34% and 3.48%, impurity content 11.57%, 11.63% and 12.03%, ash content 1.12%, 1.52% and 1.59%, melting point 82.00 °C, 83.00 °C and 83.33 °C and overall results ruby color. Based on the SNI dragon’s blood (2010), dragon’s blood results from the traditional process of the community get A quality, meanwhile from the boiling treatment get super quality.