Pemetaan kesesuaian habitat Rafflesia zollingeriana Kds: studi kasus di Resort Sukamade Wilayah Seksi I Sarongan Taman Nasional Meru Betiri Jawa Timur

Abstract

The natural habitat of Rafflesia zollingeriana Kds is in Meru Betiri National Park (TNMB). Rafflesia zollingeriana Kds breeding habitat is determined by several factors such as: host plants, vegetation types, animal pollinators and seed dispersal, climate, wind, soil, topography and human activity and the manager (Zuhud et al. 1998). Based on these factors, the habitat models of Rafflesia zollingeriana Kds can be developed in order to measure the level of habitat suitability in the Meru Betiri National Park. Data collection was conducted at the Resort Sukamade SPTN I Meru Betiri National Park during December 2009 - January 2010. Furthermore, the data processing was conducted in June 2010 until February 2011. This study used six physical variables: altitude, slope, distant from river, soil, rainfall, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The map processing has been done using Erdas Imagine 9.1 and ArcGIS 9.3, whereas the attribute tables were processed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for determining the weight of the model. Based on Principal Component Analysis, there are 3 main components with eigen value of 2.025, 1.635 and 1.019. The physical variables that have most influence on habitat suitability model are rainfall and NDVI. The habitat model of R. zollingeriana follows: Y = (1.019 × distance from river) + (2.025 × NDVI) + (1.635 × height) + (1.019 × slope) + (1.635 × soil group) + (2.025 × rainfall). Habitat suitability map is divided into 3 classes: high suitability, medium suitability and low suitability. The area of high suitability habitat is 6131.8 ha, medium suitability habitat is 2883.88 ha, and low suitability habitat is 139.418 Ha. Habitat suitability maps can be accepted by the validation value 60% for high suitability class.