Estimasi nilai ekonomi lingkungan perkebunan kelapa sawit ditinjau dari neraca air tanaman kelapa sawit: studi kasus perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Dayun Kabupaten Siak Propinsi Riau

Abstract

Dayun is one of the center of oil palm plantations in Siak. Government company that develops the oil palm plantation in Dayun is PT. Perkebunan Nusantara Lima (PTPN V) and also the first company which develops the oil palm in Siak. The oil palm plantations cause various effects to the environment; one of them is the decreasing of water availability that can be used by the water stakeholders. The decreasing of water availability causes additional cost to the community. The objectives of this study are to determine the decreasing of water because of the oil palm plantation and cost that spent to meet the needs of water. The study uses water balance model by Thornwhite 1957 and Willingness to Pays (WTP) analysis using questionnaire of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) in Sawit Permai, Dayun, Siak.The land cover, before and after, affect the water balance which impact the water availability in Dayun. The decreasing of water availability is comparable with the increasing of water demand in oil palm plantation, equal to 67 mm/year. Oil palm plantation has greater runoff than forest. The need of water in oil palm plantation in Dayun is 42.728 liters /ha /day, with the need of a single palm tree equal to 0,012 m3/s/day. Based on the analysis of debt estimation, there is debt decreasing which indicates the decreasing of water availability in Dayun, around 349 m3/s/year. The estimated value of the environment for oil palm plantations by water resources consumption based on the difference of forest and oil palm plantations during the dry season (JJA) is equal to Rp 7.500.000.. Average WTP for the water conservation program is Rp 26.400, with WTP maximum and minimum up to Rp 45.000 and Rp 5.000 respectively. The economic value of water conservation program is Rp 18.850.000/month.