Pengelompokan pulau kecil dan ekosistemnya berbasis geomorfologi di Indonesia

Abstract

Fishing in Indonesia remains as open access. As the largest archipelagic country in the world mostly comprising of small islands, Indonesia’s big shallow water area around small islands has an important role as fishing ground area ecosystem, thus need bordering to control access of fishery. Small islands and its marine ecosystems have high variety of biogeophysical characteristic which made it difficult to obtain information from. The use of satellite imagery to identify small island and marine ecosystem is still constrained by the availability of the proper image processing technique for the variety of characteristics. This research aims at selecting remote sensing data processing techniques in order to analyze the geomorphology of small islands and its marine ecosystems, classifying island type, designing identification of marine ecosystem and also designing small islands classification based on geomorphological characteristics for fishery planning. Study areas selected at small islands of Kota Batam, Kabupaten Sikka, and Kabupaten Sitaro. Several islands are selected to represent tectonic, volcanic, and reef type and to represent the main marine ecosystems such as mangrove, coral reef and sea grass. Landsat, SPOT and QuickBird images, along with Geological map, Topographic map, Navigation map and field survey are used to find out geomorphologic data of small islands. Steps on image processing composed of multispectral fusion, enhancement and multispatial fusion techniques. Small islands geomorphological analysis method consists of morphology, morphogenesis, morphochronology, and morpho-arrangement aspects which are conducted by landforms identification by landscape approach. Correlation between small island and shore fishery is analyzed by the number of fish species on seven locations with 3 and 10 meters depth using diversity, uniformity, and dominancy indexes.