Evaluasi perumahan sehat dan berwawasan lingkungan di Hulu Daerah Aliran Sungai Ciliwung Jawa Barat

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga September 2007 di Hulu Daerah aliran sungai (DAS) Ciliwung, berada di wilayah Kabupaten Bogor dan sebagian Kota Bogor di ketinggian 300 m sampai >1000 m dpl. DAS Ciliwung Hulu merupakan daerah konservasi dan hutan lindung yang harus tetap dijaga kelestariannya. Pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk di DAS Ciliwung Hulu di ikuti dengan kebutuhan akan lahan perumahan. Hal ini menyebabkan terjadinya alih fungsi lahan dari lahan pertanian ke lahan perumahan. Perumahan adalah kelompok rumah yang berfungsi sebagai lingkungan tempat tinggal atau hunian yang dilengkapi dengan sarana dan prasarana lingkungan untuk menunjang kehidupan. Perumahan sehat merupakan konsep dari perumahan sebagai faktor yang dapat meningkatkan standar kesehatan penghuninya yang pendekatannya berorientasi pada kualitas lahan, lokasi bangunan, dan kualitas lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan lahan perumahan harus memperhatikan kesesuaian lahan agar fungsi DAS bagian hulu sebagai kawasan konservasi tanah dan air tetap terjaga.

This research was held in the upper-stream of Ciliwung Watershed on March to September 2007. The research site was divided into 3 zones, i.e. the upper-part, the middle-part and the lower-part with village samples in Tugu Utara, Cilember, and Katulampa respectively. The objectives of this research were (1) to evaluate land suitability for housing, (2) to analyze housing condition, (3) to analyze community behavior in environmental management, and (4) to draft recommendation for the development of environmental friendly housing. Land evaluation for housing was performed using the spatial analysis method by eographical Information System (GIS). Some land characteristics of slope steepness, erosion hazard and existing land utilization were used as evaluation attributes. As a results, it’s indicated very suitable class (S-1) 51 ha (3.8%) in the upper-part, 28 ha (9.4%) in the middle-part, and 183.3 ha (61.2%) in the lower-part. Those S-1 areas are lower than the existing housing area (2003), except in the lower-part. Housing characteristic in he upper-part and the middle-part are almost similar, i.e. informal (kampong type), small to medium size, dense, and linear. On the other side, in the lower-part was indicated there are two types (formal and informal), large size, dense, and linear. Regarding waste management behavior of community in the recommendation upper-part and the middle-part are similar. They used public toilet without septic tank; domestic garbage was through out into river directly; drinking water source from spring. Most the lower-part community used private toilet; garbage is managed by public work agency; and water source from local drinking water company (PDAM). The land suitability for housing is very limited, therefore the development of housing should be strictly controlled. Approach to the community to increase their environmental awareness and the provision of public facilities are necessary to create better and sustainable environment.