Pengaruh Bahan Organik Lamtoro-Kaliandra dan Pupuk NPK terhadap Pertumbuhan, Hasil, dan Makronutrien Hanjeli (Coix lacryma-jobi L.)

Abstract

Daun lamtoro dan kaliandra memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik karena memiliki kandungan hara yang relatif tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pupuk NPK, kompos, dan daun lamtoro-kaliandra terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan kandungan gizi hanjeli. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Cikarawang Teaching Farm, IPB University, menggunakan Rancangan Acak (RAK) satu faktor dengan enam perlakuan, yaitu kontrol, pupuk NPK, kompos lamtoro, kompos kaliandra, daun lamtoro, dan daun kaliandra, serta tiga ulangan. Jenis pupuk berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman pada 8 MST, jumlah anakan 10 MST, umur panen, jumlah malai per rumpun, bobot biji per rumpun, dan produktivitas. Peningkatan bobot biji per rumpun terutama berkaitan dengan bertambahnya jumlah malai. Kompos lamtoro dan pupuk NPK memberikan respons terbaik dengan bobot biji per rumpun dan produktivitas yang tidak berbeda nyata. Kandungan protein dan lemak tertinggi diperoleh pada pupuk NPK (13,12% dan 8,10%), sedangkan kandungan karbohidrat tertinggi diperoleh pada daun lamtoro (68,55%). Kompos daun lamtoro berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai pupuk organik berkelanjutan dalam budidaya hanjeli pada sistem agroforestri.

Leucaena and calliandra leaves have potential as feedstocks for organic fertilizer because of their relatively high nutrient content. This study aimed to analyze the effects of NPK fertilizer, compost, and leucaena and calliandra leaves on the growth, yield, and nutritional composition of Job’s tears. The study was conducted at the Cikarawang Teaching Farm, IPB University, using a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with six treatments, namely control, NPK fertilizer, leucaena compost, calliandra compost, leucaena leaves, and calliandra leaves, with three replications. Fertilizer type significantly affected plant height at 8 weeks after planting (WAP), number of tillers at 10 WAP, harvesting time, number of panicles per clump, grain weight per clump, and productivity. The increase in grain weight per clump was primarily associated with an increase in the number of panicles. Leucaena compost and NPK fertilizer gave the best response, with grain weight per clump and productivity that did not differ significantly. The highest protein and fat contents were obtained with NPK fertilizer (13.12% and 8.10%), while the highest carbohydrate content was obtained with leucaena leaves (68,55%). Leucaena leaf compost has potential to be developed as a sustainable organic fertilizer for Job’s tears cultivation in an agroforestry system.