Analisis Pengaruh dan Kepentingan Stakeholder dalam Penguatan Ekonomi Lokal di Kawasan Transmigrasi Tasifeto-Mandeu

Abstract

Kawasan Transmigrasi Tasifeto-Mandeu, Kabupaten Belu, Nusa Tenggara Timur, merupakan kawasan transmigrasi perbatasan dengan potensi komoditas pertanian yang beragam, seperti padi, jagung, kacang hijau, porang, kopi, cabai, dan tomat, sehingga aktivitas ekonomi masyarakat masih bertumpu pada usahatani dan kegiatan turunannya. Penguatan ekonomi lokal di kawasan ini masih dihadapkan pada keterbatasan sumber daya air, sarana dan prasarana pertanian yang belum memadai, rendahnya pengelolaan pascapanen, serta fragmentasi kelembagaan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan situasi komunitas, mengidentifikasi stakeholder yang terlibat, dan menganalisis pengaruh dan kepentingan stakeholder dalam penguatan ekonomi lokal di empat desa kawasan tersebut, yaitu Desa Silawan, Tulakadi, Dafala, dan Loonuna. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan kuantitatif sederhana (mixed-methods) dengan 10 informan kunci dan 35 responden yang dipilih secara purposive sampling, dilengkapi teknik snowball sampling untuk menjangkau aktor informal. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, studi dokumentasi, dan lembar penilaian pengaruh-kepentingan, kemudian diolah menggunakan RStudio dan dipetakan dalam matriks pengaruh-kepentingan. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi 35 stakeholder yang terbagi ke dalam empat kuadran, yaitu 13 stakeholder pada kuadran key player (didominasi Camat, kepala dinas teknis, pemerintah desa, dan pendamping desa), 10 stakeholder pada kuadran subject (kelompok tani, pelaku UMKM, dan BUMDes tertentu), 5 stakeholder pada kuadran context setter (tokoh masyarakat), dan 7 stakeholder pada kuadran crowd (sejumlah kelompok tani berskala kecil). Temuan menunjukkan bahwa penguatan ekonomi lokal di kawasan ini masih bersifat top-down dan didominasi aktor formal pemerintah, sementara kelompok tani dan pelaku usaha lokal memiliki kepentingan tinggi namun pengaruh yang masih terbatas. Penelitian merekomendasikan penguatan koordinasi lintas sektor, peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan lokal, serta perluasan ruang partisipasi bagi stakeholder pada kuadran subject dan crowd agar penguatan ekonomi lokal berjalan lebih inklusif dan berkelanjutan.

The Tasifeto-Mandeu Transmigration Area in Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, is a border transmigration area with diverse agricultural commodity potential, including rice, maize, mung bean, porang, coffee, chili, and tomato, with local economic activity still relying on farming and its derivative activities. Local economic strengthening in this area still faces constraints such as limited water resources, inadequate agricultural facilities and infrastructure, poor postharvest management, and fragmented local institutions. This study aims to describe the community situation, identify the stakeholders involved, and analyze the influence and interest of stakeholders in local economic strengthening across four villages, namely Silawan, Tulakadi, Dafala, and Loonuna. This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach combined with simple quantitative methods (mixed-methods), involving 10 key informants and 35 respondents selected through purposive sampling, complemented by snowball sampling to reach informal actors. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, documentation studies, and influence-interest assessment sheets, processed using RStudio, and mapped onto an influence-interest matrix. The results identified 34 stakeholders distributed across four quadrants: 13 stakeholders in the key player quadrant (dominated by sub-district heads, technical agency heads, village governments, and village facilitators), 10 stakeholders in the subject quadrant (farmer groups, MSME actors, and certain village-owned enterprises), 5 stakeholders in the context setter quadrant (community leaders), and 7 stakeholders in the crowd quadrant (several small-scale farmer groups). The findings indicate that local economic strengthening in this area remains top-down and dominated by formal government actors, while farmer groups and local business actors have high interest but limited influence. This study recommends strengthening cross-sector coordination, improving local institutional capacity, and expanding participation space for stakeholders in the subject and crowd quadrants so that local economic strengthening becomes more inclusive and sustainable.