Dampak Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) dan Peran Kelompok Wanita Tani dalam Ketahanan Pangan (Kasus: Desa Sidorejo, Kecamatan Wonomulyo, Sulawesi Barat)

Abstract

Program Pekarangan Pangan Lestari (P2L) merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam memperkuat ketahanan pangan rumah tangga melalui optimalisasi lahan pekarangan. Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Sukma di Desa Sidorejo, Kecamatan Wonomulyo, merupakan salah satu kelompok yang menjalankan program ini sejak tahun 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi tingkat pemanfaatan pekarangan, menganalisis peran KWT Sukma, serta mengevaluasi capaian program P2L terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga anggota. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung data kualitatif, dengan seluruh 20 anggota KWT Sukma dijadikan sampel melalui teknik sensus. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner, wawancara semi terstruktur, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif, Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wiener, Indeks Kemerataan Jenis, dan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pemanfaatan pekarangan anggota tergolong tinggi, dengan 80 persen anggota memanfaatkan pekarangan secara rutin dan 60 persen memperoleh hasil panen lebih dari 20 kg per bulan, meskipun indeks kemerataan jenis tanaman tergolong rendah (0,26) akibat dominasi tanaman sayuran. KWT Sukma terbukti berperan aktif pada keempat tahap partisipasi, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemanfaatan hasil, dan evaluasi, meski evaluasi program masih bertumpu pada inisiatif internal tanpa pendampingan eksternal. Capaian ketahanan pangan rumah tangga tergolong baik pada dimensi kecukupan dan stabilitas ketersediaan pangan, serta cukup baik pada dimensi aksesibilitas, meskipun uji korelasi Rank Spearman menunjukkan hubungan yang rendah dan tidak signifikan (p>0,05) antara tingkat pemanfaatan pekarangan maupun peran KWT dengan indikator ketahanan pangan tersebut. Program P2L melalui KWT Sukma dinilai berkontribusi positif terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga, namun keberlanjutannya memerlukan penguatan pendampingan eksternal secara berkala.

The Sustainable Food Yard Program (Pekarangan Pangan Lestari/P2L) is a government initiative aimed at strengthening household food security through the optimal use of home yards. The Sukma Women Farmer Group (KWT) in Sidorejo Village, Wonomulyo District, is one of the groups that has implemented this program since 2020. This study aimed to identify the level of yard utilization, analyze the role of KWT Sukma, and evaluate the achievement of the P2L program in supporting members' household food security. This study employed a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data, involving all 20 members of KWT Sukma as a census sample. Data were collected through questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, observation, and documentation, then analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index, the Evenness Index, and Spearman's Rank Correlation test. The results showed that the level of yard utilization among members was high, with 80 percent routinely cultivating their yards and 60 percent obtaining harvest yields of more than 20 kg per month, although the evenness index of plant species was low (0.26) due to the dominance of vegetable crops. KWT Sukma actively participated in all four stages of participation planning, implementation, utilization of results, and evaluation although program evaluation still relied solely on internal group initiative without external assistance. Household food security achievement was categorized as good in terms of adequacy and stability of food availability, and fairly good in terms of accessibility, although Spearman's Rank Correlation test indicated low and statistically insignificant relationships (p>0.05) between yard utilization and KWT's role with these food security indicators. The P2L program through KWT Sukma is considered to have contributed positively to household food security, although its sustainability requires strengthened and regular external assistance.